Georgi Kolev
Village Image:
Baskalci 1
1 (b) [0:00] Simple and uneducated [they may be], but there were a lot of clever folk
| simple pl adj | not | learn pl P.part I | but | otherwise adv | impf exist | clever.fellow sg m adj | people pl | many adv |
2 (GK) Huh.
| bkch |
3 (a) [0:06] Clever, you know?
| clever.fellow pl m | mean 3sg pres I | no |
4 (b) [0:08] Hm.
| bkch |
5 (a) [0:09] They didn’t, you know, know how to write or [read] books, let’s say, thus
| thus adv | neg | hes | neg | know 3sg pres I | comp | write 3sg pres I | in | book sg f | comp | say 1pl pres P |
6 (a) [0:11] but they were smart. They could tell you
| but | otherwise adv | intelligent indcl adj | and | mean 3sg pres I | can 3sg pres I | comp | dat 2sg clt | say 3sg pres P |
7 (a) [0:15] how it was in the old days, what the insurgents [did],
| what sg n interr | 3sg pres aux clt | sg n L.part cop | during | old sg n adj | time sg n | what sg n interr | 3pl pres aux clt | how interr | insurgent pl m | what sg n interr |
8 (a) [0:19] what the Turks were, what they did and where,
| Turk m pl | what interr | 3pl pres cop clt | where interr | 3pl pres aux clt | do pl L.part I | what sg n interr | 3pl pres aux clt | do pl L.part I |
9 (a) [0:23] how they – how [people] hid from them, how –
| how interr | 3pl pres aux clt | acc refl clt | hide pl L.part I | from | acc 3pl | how interr |
10 (GK) Do you know something?
| nom 2sg | know 2sg pres I | interr clt | something sg n |
11 (a) [0:27] – how they held meetings.
| how interr | 3pl pres aux clt | hold.meeting pl L.part I |
12 (GK) Do you know something?
| nom 2sg | know 2sg pres I | interr clt | something sg n |
13 (a) [0:31] Hm. Well, what should I tell you?
| disc | disc | what interr | comp | dat 2sg clt | say 1sg pres P | nom 1sg |
14 (a) [0:33] You have to put a question to me, and if I can I’ll answer you.
| must pres I imprs | comp | dat 1sg clt | pose 2sg pres I | question sg m | and | if conj | can 1sg pres I | comp | dat 2sg clt | answer 3sg pres P |
15 (b) [laughter]
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[…]
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16 (GK) Well, then, how was it in the old days?
| disc | disc | disc | what sg n interr | 3sg pres aux clt | sg n L.part cop | one sg n adj | time sg n |
17 (GK) How was the village settled – do you know that?
| how interr | acc refl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | settle pl L.part P | village sg n def | know 2sg pres I | interr clt |
18 (a) [0:41] The village was settled – well, it used to be a wasteland here.
| village n def sg | acc refl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | settle pl L.part P | mean 3sg pres I | this sg n adj | 3sg pres aux clt | here adv | 3sg pres aux clt | sg n L.part cop | wasteland sg m |
19 (a) [0:45] No people at first. But that was three or four hundred years ago,
| neg | 3sg pres aux clt | L.part exist | people pl | at.first adv | but | this sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt | before adv | three.hundred | four.hundred | year f pl | pres exist |
20 (a) [0:53] and then some people arrived from somewhere and they settled,
| and | from | somewhere adv | 3pl pres aux clt | arrive pl L.part P aux | some pl adj | people pl | settle pl L.part P | 3pl pres aux clt | acc refl clt |
21 (a) [0:57] and gradually, gradually the village grew, and the village got to be
| and | gradually adv | gradually adv |
acc
refl
clt
|
enlarge pl L.part P | village sg n def | village sg n def | 3sg pres aux clt | become sg n L.part I | mean 3sg pres I |
22 (a) [1:04] some sixty or seventy houses. But now there are just thirty families of us.
| towards | sixty | seventy | house pl f | but | now adv | 1pl pres cop clt | thirty | family pl n |
23 (a) [1:10] Now people’ve dispersed, looking for a better life, meat for the taking.
| now adv | acc refl clt | scatter 3pl aor P | people pl def | all adv | search 3pl pres I | fine adv | search 3pl pres I | nice adv | meat sg n | hang sg n P.part P |
24 (GK) [laughter]
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25 (b) [laughter]
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26 (GK) That’s what they’re looking for.
| thus adv | search 3pl pres I |
27 (a) [1:20] Yup. They want to bring in a lot of money for [very] little work.
| disc | want 3pl pres I | mean 3sg pres I | with | little adv | work sg f | much adv | money pl.t | comp | take 3pl pres I |
28 (a) [1:26] No such thing here now, they’re looking [for work] in Petrich, in Sofia –
| and | now adv | here adv | pres neg exist | thus adv | seek 3pl pres I | around | Petrich sg m place | seek 3pl pres I | around | Sofia sg f place |
29 (a) [1:30] there’s hardly anywhere without people from [our] village.
| where interr | interr clt | pres neg exist | people pl | from | from | village sg n def |
30 (a) [1:32] They’re all over Bulgaria, all looking [for work].
| everywhere adv | exist pres | around | Bulgaria sg f place | each sg m adj | seek 3sg pres I |
31 (GK) While you in the old days –
| and | nom 2pl | here adv | at | time sg n |
32 (a) [1:38] No.
| no |
33 (GK) What kind of work did you do in the old days?
| one sg n adj | time sg n | what interr | 2pl pres aux clt | work pl L.part I |
34 (a) [1:41] Animal husbandry, agriculture! Looking after livestock,
| animal.husbandry sg n | and | agriculture sg n | livestock sg f | look 1pl pres I |
35 (a) [1:44] and agriculture, you know. We grow rye, oats, “tsarevichka” (corn), potatoes –
| and | agriculture sg n | dat refl clt | sow 1pl pres I | rye sg f | oats sg m | corn sg f | potato pl f |
36 (GK) But you didn’t call it “tsarevichka” [then] –
| but | nom 2pl | neg | dat n 3sg | call 2pl impf I | corn sg f |
37 (GK) you’ve taken to twisting [your speech] about.
| and | nom 2sg | take 3sg aor P | comp | acc n 3sg clt | twist 2sg pres I |
38 (b) [1:52] “Misirka”.
| corn sg f |
39 (a) [1:52] Ah [yes], we call it “misirka”.
| disc | corn sg f | dat sg m clt | call 1pl pres I | [...] |
40 (GK) So, say “misirka” to me!
| disc | say sg imv P | dat 1sg clt | corn sg f |
41 (a) [1:55] Ah.
| disc | disc |
42 (GK) [I want you to] talk in the old way, you see?
| fut | speak 2sg pres I | how rel | must pres I imprs | by | old sg n def adj | disc |
43 (a) [1:57] Well, if I say “misirka” to you, if I talk [that way]
| nom 1sg | nom 1sg | dat 2sg clt | say 1pl pres I | corn sg f | if conj | dat 2sg clt | say 1sg pres P |
44 (a) [1:59] you might not understand me!
| can pres imprs | comp | dat 1sg clt | neg | understand 2sg pres P |
45 (GK) You just – you just talk to me, and I’ll understand you.
| nom 2sg | fut | dat 1sg clt | nom 2sg | fut | dat 1sg clt | speak 2sg pres I | and | nom 1sg | fut | acc 2sg clt | understand 1sg pres I |
46 (a) [laughter]
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[…]
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47 (b) [laughter]
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[…]
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48 (GK) And whenever I don’t understand you, I’ll ask.
| nom 1sg | where rel | neg | acc 2sg clt | understand 1sg pres I | fut | acc 2sg clt | ask 1sg pres I |
49 (a) [laughter]
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[…]
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50 (b) [laughter]
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[…]
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51 (a) [2:07] What are you here for? You here for some other thing?
| for | what.kind sg f adj | work sg f | go 2sg pres I | nom 2sg | for | other sg n adj | go 2sg pres I | interr clt | disc |
52 (GK) I’m here for this sort of thing.
| for | such sg f adj | work sg f | go 1sg pres I |
53 (b) [2:11] For this – he’s here for this.
| for | this sg n adj | for | this sg n adj | go 3sg pres I |
54 (GK) Have you looked after sheep?
| nom 2sg | look sg m L.part I | interr clt | 2sg pres aux clt | sheep pl f |
55 (a) [2:15] Oho! I’ve looked after a hundred sheep or so.
| excl | about | hundred sg f | sheep pl f | 1sg pres aux clt | look sg m L.part I |
56 (GK) Hah. And how – when do you – how does this work go?
| disc | and | how interr | when interr | acc 3pl clt | how interr | become 3sg pres I | this sg f adj | work sg f |
57 (GK) Throughout the year. Take me through the whole year,
| entire sg f def adj | year sg f | comp | dat 1sg clt | explain 2sg pres P | entire sg f def adj | year f sg |
58 (GK) for instance, from the time they lamb up to the time they breed [again] –
| for.example adv | when conj | acc refl clt | lamb 3pl pres P | there adv | when conj | take 3pl pres P | comp | acc refl clt | breed 3pl pres I |
59 (a) [2: 28] Well, it’s – you see, in the spring, for instance,
| disc | disc | this sg n adj | disc | look sg imv I |
[ … ]
|
[...]
|
spring sg f def | for.example adv |
60 (a) [2: 31] when they lamb, that happens around the twentieth of May.
| when conj | acc refl clt |
lamb
3pl
pres
P
|
lamb 3pl pres P | acc refl clt | disc | 3sg pres cop clt | toward | hes | twentieth sg m adj | May sg m | comp | say 1pl pres P |
61 (a) [2: 39] The lambs suckle, and after that we milk the sheep. When we’ve done that,
| suckle 3pl pres I | suck 3pl pres I | lamb pl n def | after | this sg n adj | acc 3pl clt | milk 1pl pres I | when conj | acc 3pl clt | milk 1pl pres P |
62 (a) [2: 46] we gather them up. Let’s say I have fifty to milk and you have twenty,
| gather 1pl pres P | acc 3pl clt | nom 1sg | have 1sg pres I | comp | say 1pl pres P | fifty | milk.giving.sheep pl m | nom 2sg | have 2sg pres I | twenty |
63 (a) [2: 50] Another has five, another has ten. So we gather them in one place,
| other sg m def adj | have 3sg pres I | five | other sg m def adj | ten | and | acc 3pl clt | gather 1pl pres P | in | one sg n adj | place sg n |
64 (a) [2: 53] three hundred sheep, three hundred to milk, and then after we’ve gathered them
| three.hundred | sheep pl f | three.hundred | milk.giving.sheep pl m | and | there adv | mean 3sg pres I | when conj | acc 3pl clt | gather 1pl pres P |
65 (a) [2: 58] we take measure, we do the reference milking.
| measure 1pl pres P | dat refl clt | do 1pl pres P | reference.milking sg m |
66 (GK) How is reference milking done?
| how interr | acc refl clt | do 3sg pres I | reference.milking sg m |
67 (a) [3:01] Well, each one milks his sheep dry, and we measure
| disc | disc | each sg m adj | milk 3sg pres P | his pl def adj | and | acc 3pl clt | measure 1pl pres I |
68 (a) [3:05] how much each one gives, and ascribe it by kilos. For instance
| who interr | who interr | how.much interr | dat n 3sg clt | release 3pl pres I | and | to | kilo sg n def | ascribe 1pl pres I | for.example adv |
69 (a) [3:09] thirty kilos are ascribed [to an owner] for each kilo in the reference milking.
| to | one sg n adj | kilo sg n | ascribe 1pl pres I | thirty | kilo pl n | comp | dat n 3sg clt | acc refl clt | give 3pl pres P |
70 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
71 (a) [3: 12] During the summer there were milkers. Two or three shepherds do the milking
| during | summer sg n def | milker pl m | dat refl clt | exist impf | shepherd pl m | two an.num | interr clt | three an.num | interr clt | fut | milk 3pl pres I |
72 (a) [3:17] These were called “milkers”, and they do the milking.
| milker pl m | acc refl clt | this pl adj | say 3pl pres I | milker pl m | and | interr | this pl adj | come 3pl pres I | and | milk 3pl pres I | acc 3pl clt |
73 (a) [3:22] So then whatever came out to be your share at the reference milking
| and | to | acc 2sg | at | reference.milking sg m def | how.much interr | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres aux clt | come sg n L.part P |
74 (a) [3:22] [if] it came out to be two kilos, then you’d take three pails, let’s say.
| two n | kilo pl n | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres aux clt | come sg n L.part P | by | three | pail pl n | comp | say 1pl pres P |
75 (a) [3:28] We called them pails; a pail can take [up to] twelve kilos.
| nom 1pl | pail pl n | acc 3sg clt | call 1pl impf I | pail sg n def | contain 3sg pres I | twelve | kilo pl n |
76 (b) [3: 32] Of milk.
| and | milk sg n |
77 (a) [3: 33] Of milk. So if you had three kilos, they’ll give you three pails
| milk sg n | mean 3sg pres I | three | kilo pl n | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres aux clt | sg n L.part cop | three | pail pl n | fut | dat 2sg clt | give 3pl pres I |
78 (a) [3: 39] and you’d have thirty kilos of milk to take. Then the next, the next,
| thirty | kilo pl n | fut | have 2sg pres I | milk sg n | nom 2sg | comp | take 2sg pres I | other sg m def adj | other sg m def adj |
79 (a) [3:43] and that would go on for a month, or it could go on for two [months].
| and | this sg n adj | go.on 3sg pres I | mean 3sg pres I | one sg m adj | month sg m | or | two m | can 3sg pres I | comp | go.on 3sg pres P |
80 (GK) [cough]
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81 (a) [3:46] The milk gets distributed to people, and then they separate out [the sheep].
| give.out 3sg pres P | acc refl clt | milk sg n def | milk sg n def | to | people pl def | acc refl clt | give.out 3sg pres P | later adv | dat refl clt | acc 3pl clt | disperse 3pl pres I |
82 (a) [3:51] Each takes his own, whoever had looked after which ones
| each sg m adj | dat refl clt | take 3sg pres I | his pl def adj | who interr | how interr | dat refl clt | acc 3pl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | look sg m L.part I |
83 (a) [3:55] They look after them all summer, gather hay [for them]
| look 3sg pres I | dat refl clt | acc 3pl clt | entire sg n adj | summer sg n | gather 3pl pres I | hay sg n |
84 (a) [3:58] Like now, already we’ve gathered hay throughout the whole summer.
| nom 1sg | hes | like | now adv | already adv | entire sg n adj | summer sg n | gather 1pl aor I | hay sg n |
85 (a) [4:01] We’ve been gathering oak leaves, oak branches – there are groves, you know.
| gather 1pl aor I | [ .. ] | shrubbery sg f | oak sg f adj | oak.branch pl m | mean 3sg pres I | exist pres | grove pl f |
86 (a) [4:09] Each one fences off [an area] in the winter. That’s what shepherds do,
| each sg m adj | fut | enclose 3sg pres P | dat refl clt | during | winter sg f def | shepherd sg m def | dat refl clt | 3sg pres cop clt | shepherd sg m |
87 (a) [4:12] workers, whoever is able, whoever can look after them.
| worker pl m def | who sg m inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | able sg m adj | disc | who sg m inter.rel | who sg m inter.rel | can 3sg pres I | comp | look 3sg pres I |
88 (a) [4:16] And those who couldn’t didn’t have any. Like now, I’m alone
| who sg m inter.rel | neg | can 3sg pres I | comp | look 3sg pres I | not.have 3pl impf I | as | now adv | alone sg m adj | 1sg pres aux clt |
89 (a) [4:18] and I can’t look after them. I just have one goat here.
| neg | can 1sg pres I | comp | look 1sg pres I | ost | one sg f adj | goat sg f | look 1sg pres I | only adv | here adv |
90 (a) [4:21] I bring it along; I don’t even look after it, it just comes along with me,
| drive 1sg pres I |
hes
|
after | acc 1sg | neg | acc f 3sg clt | look 1sg pres I | but | go 3sg pres I | after | acc 1sg |
91 (a) [4:23] it goes by itself!
| alone sg f adj | dat refl clt | go 3sg pres I |
92 (GK) OK. Now back to when they note the yield. The head person [there],
| good adv | disc | this sg m adj | there adv | where rel | 3sg pres cop clt | most | main sg m def adj | when conj | acc refl clt | do 3sg pres I | reference.milking sg m |
93 (GK) what do you call him?
| nom m 3sg | how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I |
94 (a) [4:30] There’s no head person there.
| pres neg exist | main sg m adj | there adv |
95 (GK) Huh? Don’t you call him “bach” (sheep owner)?
| disc | sheep.owner sg m | neg | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I |
96 (a) [4:33] What?
| disc |
97 (GK) “Bach” (sheep owner).
| sheep.owner sg m |
98 (a) [4:34] Well, sure, sheep owner. Didn’t I tell you
| disc | disc | sheep.owner sg m |
hes
|
but | mean 3sg pres I | interr | dat 2sg clt | say 1pl pres I |
99 (a) [4:37] about ascribing milk [at the reference milking]? Today I’d be sheep owner,
| when conj | acc refl clt | ascribe 3sg pres P | milk sg n def | for.example adv | today adv | be.sheep.owner 1sg pres I | nom 1sg |
100 (GK) Ah.
| bkch |
101 (a) [4:40] tomorrow another, a third, a fifth – If there are three shepherds,
| tomorrow adv | come 3sg pres P | other sg m def adj | third sg m def adj | fifth sg m def adj | this pl adj | from | shepherd pl m def | if conj | 3pl pres cop clt | three an.num |
102 (a) [4:44] for instance, they’re – the three are equal, but [of them] one would be
| for.example adv | this pl adj | acc refl clt | this pl adj | 3pl pres cop clt | equal pl adj | and | and | three def an.num | for.example adv | one sg m adj | exist pres |
103 (a) [4:50] as if in charge, responsible for the flock. Yes, responsible for the flock.
| like | for | guard sg m | person.in.charge sg m | mean 3sg pres I | for | flock sg n def | all adv | one sg n adj | like | person.in.charge sg m | of | flock sg n def |
104 (a) [4:58] and he’d lead the others there, when they are measuring the milk,
| and | other def pl adj | nom m 3sg | when conj | lead 3sg pres I | there adv | for.example adv | when conj | measure 3pl pres I | this sg n adj | milk sg n def | measure 3sg pres I | acc refl clt |
105 (a) [5:05] he’d measure it and write it down. But they wouldn’t write with [pen and paper],
| nom m 3sg | acc m 3sg clt | measure 3sg pres I | record 3sg pres I | dat refl clt | there adv | but | neg | record 3pl impf I | with | disc |
106 (a) [5:09] he’d go over to a beech tree and then with a little knife
| disc | go 3sg pres I | there adv | to | one f sg adj | beech sg f | thus adv | with | with | small.knife sg f def |
107 (a) [5:12] he’d make these slashes, you know?
| dat refl clt | make 3sg pres I | one pl adj | small.line pl f | something sg n | mean 3sg pres I |
108 (GK) And what’s that thing called?
| disc | how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I | [...] |
109 (a) [5:16] What?
| disc |
110 (GK) What’s that thing called?
| how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I | this sg n adj |
111 (a) [5:18] Oh, [you mean] where they “wrote” it down?
| disc | there adv | there adv | rel | acc n 3sg clt | write 3pl impf I |
112 (GK) Yes!
| disc |
113 (a) [5:20] Ah that! That was called a tally.
| disc | this sg n adj | acc n 3sg clt | this sg n adj | acc refl clt | say 3sg impf I | tally.board pl.t | tally sg m | tally sg m | mean 3sg pres I | and |
114 (GK) So. Now, where do you milk the sheep?
| thus adv | and | where interr | acc 3pl clt | milk 2pl pres I | sheep pl f def |
115 (a) [5:28] Well, for the sheep, they make a pen, a sheepfold gets made.
| disc | sheep pl f def | dat refl clt | acc refl clt | make 3pl pres I | sheep.pen sg f | such sg n adj | pen sg f | dat refl clt | acc refl clt | make 3sg pres I |
116 (a) [5:33] No thanks, I don’t smoke. So they make a sheepfold,
| neg | 1sg pres cop clt | smoker sg m | neg | want 1sg pres I | [...] | pen sg f | acc refl clt | make 3sg pres I | mean 3sg pres I |
117 (a) [5:38] and that’s where they milk them.
| and | there adv | acc 3pl clt | milk 3pl pres I |
118 (GK) Right, and –
| thus adv | and |
119 (a) [5:40] Mm.
| bkch |
120 (GK) How do you [get them] all in the fold? You drive them one by one?
| how interr | acc refl clt | entire sg n def adj | thus adv | from | entire sg f def adj | sheep.pen sg f | acc 3pl clt | chase 2pl pres I | one f sg adj | by | one f sg adj |
121 (a) [5:44] Not one by one. They make this outlet in front, a little gate.
| not | one f sg adj | by | one f sg adj | nom 3pl | dat refl clt | acc refl clt | 3pl pres I | in.front adv | mean 3sg pres I | exit sg m | wicket sg f |
122 (a) [5:49] Two or three little gates where three milkers sit on stools.
| two f | three | wicket pl f | as | sit 3pl pres P | three an.num | milker pl m | on | chair pl m def |
123 (GK) Ah, you called them “little gates”.
| thus adv | interr clt | wicket pl f | interr clt | call 2pl impf I |
124 (a) [5:53] Right. So [we’re] on stools. I’m on this stool,
| disc | on | on | chair pl m def | nom 1sg | 1sg pres cop clt | on | this sg m adj | chair sg m |
125 (a) [5:56] you’re on that one there, and the sheep pass between us.
| nom 2sg | 2sg pres cop clt | on | this sg m adj | here adv | and | and | sheep pl f def | walk 3pl pres I | between | acc 1pl |
126 (GK) From behind.
| from.behind adv |
127 (a) [6:01] In the back here by the sheepfold there’s the driver.
| [...] | [...] | in.back adv | here adv | when conj | 3sg pres cop clt | sheep.pen sg f def | mean 3sg pres I | pres exist | dat refl clt | driver sg m |
128 (GK) Right, and what does he do?
| thus adv | nom m 3sg | what sg n interr | do 3sg pres I |
129 (a) [6:06] The sheep owner stands behind and drives the sheep so they move [straight]
| sheep.owner sg m def | stand 3sg pres I | mean 3sg pres I | in.back adv | and | chase 3sg pres I | acc 3pl clt | mean 3sg pres I | for | comp | walk 3pl pres I | sheep pl f def |
130 (a) [6:10] – move straight, because otherwise one might get out and –
| comp | walk 3pl pres I | for | because conj | fut | emerge 3pl pres P | some pl adj | and |
[ … ]
|
131 (a) [6:13] But this way they won’t escape [unmilked], it won’t happen,
| but | that pl adj | fut neg | comp | emerge 3pl pres P | disc | and | neg | can 3sg pres I | comp | become 3sg pres P |
132 (a) [6:15] because there’s this wall, right? and
| and | here adv | 3sg pres cop clt | construction sg m | interr |
133 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
134 (a) [6:17] So they move along by themselves, it’s blocked off in front,
| there adv | ost | nom 3pl | dat refl clt | walk 3pl pres I | alone pl adj | dat refl clt | walk 3pl pres I | here adv | in.front adv | 3sg pres cop clt | again adv | fence sg n P.part P |
135 (a) [6:23] the pen is there so they don’t get out during the milking. The milk is measured,
| sheep.pen sg f | pres exist | again adv | for | comp | neg | emerge 3pl pres P | when conj | acc refl clt | milk 3pl pres P | meaasure 3pl pres P | milk sg n def |
136 (a) [6:27] they have some sort of breakfast, then OK, let them go! and the rest of the day
| eat.breakfast 3pl pres P | neg | know 1sg pres I | what interr | and | hort | release 3pl pres I | acc 3pl clt | this sg m adj | day sg m |
137 (a) [6:30] [the sheep] graze by themselves in the pen.
| alone pl adj | dat refl clt | graze 3pl pres I | there adv | in | sheep.pen sg f def |
138 (GK) And what do you call that narrow area that they move along,
| and | this sg n adj | narrow sg n def adj | place sg n | there adv | rel | pass 3pl pres I | how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I |
139 (GK) where the milkers are sitting?
| rel | sit 3pl pres I | milker pl m def |
140 (a) [6:36] A “straga” (passage).
| passage sg f | passage sg f |
141 (GK) What?
| disc |
142 (a) [6:37] It’s called “straga”, the place where they pass by
| passage sg f | acc refl clt |
[...]
|
at | passage sg f def | [...] | mean 3sg pres I | this sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt | passage sg f | because conj | pass 3pl pres I |
143 (a) [6:42] If there are more sheep or more milkers, there’ll be three or four stools,
| if conj | 3pl pres cop clt | more adv | sheep pl f | or | more adv | milker pl m | three | four | chair ct m | pres exist |
144 (a) [6:46] for instance; if there are less, then there’ll be three stools.
| comp | say 1pl pres P | if conj | 3pl pres cop clt | more | little adv | three | chair ct m | pres exist |
145 (a) [6:49] They sit – just how, on these stools, how to describe [this] to you?
| sit 3pl pres P | adrs | exactly adv | thus adv | only adv | that conj | chair pl m def | how interr | comp | dat 2sg clt | describe 1sg pres I |
146 (a) [6:52] It’s a stool, it’s made, well –
| disc | chair sg m def | mean 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | make 3sg pres I | all adv | one sg n adj |
147 (b) [6:55] Like a wooden block.
| like | block sg n |
148 (a) [6:56] They make it with chunks of sod. It’s built up in front like this,
| with | sod pl f | with | sod pl m | dat refl clt | acc n 3sg clt | make 3pl pres P | thus adv | in.front adv | ost | thus adv | lift sg n P.part P |
149 (a) [7:00] Like this, built up high, at the spot where the sheep come out,
| ost | like | this sg n adj | 3pl pres cop clt | lift pl m P.part P | above adv | and | this sg n adj | here adv | when conj | come.out 3pl pres I | sheep pl f def |
150 (a) [7:06] in the “straga” so that any one sheep can’t run away, there in the “straga”.
| excl | in | passage sg f def | comp | neg | can 3sg pres I | comp | run.away 3sg pres P | sheep sg f def | mean 3sg pres I | in | passage sg f def |
151 (a) [7:10] They pass through the “straga”. It’s like passing through a gate, for instance,
| through | passage sg f def | pass 3pl pres I | ost | like | through | door sg f def | now adv | here adv | for.example adv |
152 (a) [7:14] except it’s more narrow, just enough …
| only adv | that conj | more | narrow sg n adj | ost | thus adv |
153 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
154 (a) [7:16] … for a sheep to pass through.
| how.much rel | sheep sg f def | comp | pass 3sg pres I |
155 (GK) Only –
| only adv |
156 (a) [7:18] They pass through one at a time.
| one f sg adj | by | one f sg adj | pass 3pl pres I |
157 (GK) [cough]
|
[ … ]
|
158 (a) [7:20] So if there are three milkers there, for instance,
| because conj | if conj | 3pl pres cop clt | nom 3pl | three def an.num | there adv | milker pl m | comp | say 1pl pres P |
159 (a) [7:23] one grabs a sheep and milks it dry, and the next another,
| nom m 3sg | acc f 3sg clt | catch 3sg pres I | this sg f adj | and | and | acc f 3sg clt | milk 3sg pres P | milk 3sg pres P | acc f 3sg clt | other sg m def adj | other sg f def adj |
160 (a) [7:28] and we can’t milk them all at once. I release one,
| […] | nom 1pl | at | once adv | neg | can 3sg pres I | neg | comp | acc 3pl clt | milk 1pl pres P | nom 1sg | release 1sg pres I | this sg f adj |
161 (a) [7:31] you grab another, then another, and it’s a constant move through.
| nom 2sg | catch 2sg pres I | other sg f def adj | other sg f def adj | and | there adv | dat refl clt | constantly adv | walk 3sg pres I | dat refl clt |
162 (a) [7:34] The sheep keep on moving through the “straga”, since one releases,
| in | passage sg f def | dat refl clt | walk 3pl pres I | constantly adv | sheep pl f | because conj | one sg def adj | release 3sg pres I |
163 (a) [7:37] another grabs, and it all gets done quickly like that.
| other sg m def adj | catch 3sg pres I | mean 3sg pres I | disc | acc refl clt | quickly adv | become 3sg pres I | there adv | rel | 3pl pres cop clt |
164 (GK) Uh huh. And this – where the sheep’s milk accumulates –
| disc | and | this sg n adj | rel | rel | acc refl clt | gather 3sg pres I | milk sg n def | on | sheep sg f def |
165 (GK) what’s that called?
| nom n 3sg | how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I |
166 (a) [7:44] A pail.
| pail sg n |
167 (GK) The pail is down below the …
| pail sg n | below adv | rel |
168 (b) [7:46] The udder!
| but | udder sg n |
169 (GK) … below the thing that you milk.
| rel | this sg n adj | nom n 3sg | rel | acc n 3sg clt | milk 2sg pres I |
170 (a) [7:50] in the – in the thing where you get the milk?
| in |
hes
|
in | this sg n adj | rel | acc n 3sg clt | milk 2sg pres I | milk sg n def | interr clt |
171 (GK) On the sheep, where it accumulates –
| disc | on | sheep sg f def | this sg n adj | rel | acc refl clt | gather 3sg pres I |
172 (b) [7:54] The udder.
| udder sg n def |
173 (a) [7:54] A, udder! It’s called an udder.
| excl | udder sg n def | udder sg n | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | udder sg n |
174 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
175 (a) [7:58] “vime”, “ime” (udder) on the sheep. And look at the goat! Yes, udder.When –
| udder sg n | udder sg n | udder sg n | udder sg n | sheep sg f def | ost | goat sg f def | mean 3sg pres I | udder sg n def | when interr |
176 (GK) So. When did you shear the sheep?
| disc | when interr | acc 3pl clt | shear 2pl impf I | sheep pl f def |
177 (a) [8:05] Sheep are shorn around St. George’s day, the sixth or tenth of May.
| sheep pl f def | acc refl clt | shear 3pl pres I | mean 3sg pres I | from | St.George’s.day sg m | mean 3sg pres I | toward | sixth sg m adj | tenth sg m adj | May sg m |
178 (GK) Mhm.
|
bkch
|
179 (a) [8:11] That’s when we shear them.
| then adv | acc 3pl clt | shear 1pl pres I |
180 (GK) And how does that happen?
| and | how interr | happen 3sg pres I | this sg f adj | work sg f |
181 (a) [8:14] The shearing?
| for | shear def vbl.n I |
182 (GK) Uh huh.
|
yes
|
183 (a) [8:16] Shearing! Well, there are special shears, or maybe with scissors,
| shear def vbl.n I | disc | pres exist | dat refl clt | such pl adj | special pl adj | shears pl.t | or | can pres imprs | with | scissors pl.t |
184 (a) [8:22] Scissors of the sort that tailors …
| scissors pl.t | this pl adj | rel | tailor pl m def |
185 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
186 (a) [8:24] … old-time tailors [use], you can do it with those, but there are also
| tailor pl m def | rel | 3pl pres cop clt | and | with | such pl adj | can pres imprs | disc | and | pres exist | dat refl clt |
187 (a) [8:27] other shears. There were these shears specially [made] for shearing back then.
| and | other pl adj | shears pl.t | exactly adv | special pl adj | for | shear 1pl pres I | dat refl clt | impf exist | then adv | shears pl.t |
188 (a) [8:34] You hobble the sheep, you hobble, sit by it and –
| hobble 2sg pres P | acc f 3sg clt | sheep sg f def | mean 3sg pres I | hobble 2sg pres P | acc f 3sg clt | sit 2sg pres P | dat refl clt | and | dat refl clt | acc f 3sg clt |
189 (a) [8:37] I used to shear forty sheep a day. I would sit down [to it]
| nom 1sg | shear 1sg impf I | by | forty | this sg m adj | day sg m | mean 3sg pres I | when conj | sit 1sg pres P |
190 (a) [8:41] in the early morning, and by noon I’d shear forty of them. But,
| from | morning sg f def | to | noon sg m | forty | fut | shear 1sg pres I | here adv | and | and |
191 (a) [8:44] but there’s some who would [shear] five or ten sheep, and couldn’t do more.
| and | and | pres exist | some sg m adj | and | five | ten | sheep pl f | pres exist | more adv | neg | can 3sg pres I |
192 (GK) Not that –
| neg | 3sg pres cop clt | so.much adv |
193 (a) [8:48] Each has his own approach, some [do it] quickly –
| who sg m inter.rel | who sg m inter.rel | how inter.rel | have 3sg pres I | grip sg f | fast sg f adj | grip sg f | have 3sg pres I | some sg m adj |
194 (GK) Uh huh. Now how do you call the wool that you’ve shorn from a single sheep?
| bkch | disc | how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I | this sg f adj | wool sg f | rel | acc f 3sg clt | shear 2sg pres I | from | one f sg adj | sheep sg f |
195 (a) [8:54] Shorn wool.
| shear sg f def P.part P | wool sg f |
196 (GK) Huh.
| disc |
197 (a) [8:56] Well, the shorn wool, that is, wool that’s been shorn, just wool.
| disc | disc | shear sg f P.part P | wool sg f | mean 3sg pres I | wool sg f | shear 3sg pres I | so.much adv | wool sg f | mean 3sg pres I |
198 (GK) How much do they shear from a single sheep?
| from | one f sg adj | sheep sg f | how.much interr | shear 3pl pres I |
199 (a) [9:01] From one sheep, well it depends what kind of sheep they are.
| [...] | from | one f sg adj | sheep sg f | depend 3sg pres I | sheep pl f def | what.kind pl adj | 3pl pres cop clt |
200 (b) [9:03] Fleece. A fleece.
| fleece sg n | one sg n adj | fleece sg n |
201 (a) [9:04] If– if you’ve taken good care of them,
| if conj | if conj | dat 2sg clt | acc refl clt | look 3sg pres I | if conj | nom 2sg | 2sg pres aux clt | acc 3pl clt | look sg m L.part I | nicely adv |
202 (a) [9:08] you can get two or three kilos of wool from shearing a sheep
| from | sheep sg f | can 2sg pres I | comp | shear 2sg pres P | comp | say 1pl pres P | three | kilo pl n | two n | kilo pl n |
203 (a) [9:11] but from yearlings, this and that, it’s usually a kilo and a half of wool.
| but | usually adv | yearling pl n | this sg n adj | dat 2sg clt | that sg n adj | dat 2sg clt | by | kilo sg n | and | half sg f | wool sg f | and |
204 (GK) Is all wool the same, from everywhere that you shear it?
| all sg f def adj | wool sg f | equal sg f adj | interr clt | 3sg pres cop clt | rel | acc f 3sg clt | shear 2sg pres I |
205 (a) [9:21] Our sheep then (and now) are the Merino sort. Now we have
| this pl adj |
[...]
|
our pl def adj | sheep pl f | then adv | and | now adv | 3pl pres cop clt | merino.sheep pl adj | now adv | pres exist |
206 (a) [9:25] crossbreeds. But then ours had both black and white wool.
| mean 3sg pres I | cross pl P.part P | 3pl pres cop clt | and | then adv | 3pl impf aux | [...] | our pl def adj | black sg f adj | wool sg f | and | white sg f adj | wool sg f |
207 (GK) How do you call the black kind?
| how interr | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | this sg f adj | black sg f def adj |
208 (a) [9:32] Well, it’s black wool.
| disc | black sg f adj | wool sg f | this sg f adj | 3sg pres cop clt |
209 (GK) “Samocherka”?
|
black.wool
sg
f
|
210 (a) [9:34] Well, black wool is – you put the black wool below in this [place],
| disc | disc | disc | black sg f adj | dat refl clt | wool sg f | mean 3sg pres I | black sg f def adj | wool sg f | acc f 3sg clt | put 2sg pres P | from.below adv | in | this sg n adj |
211 (a) [9:39] and [you put] the white separately, take it to the carder, women spin,
| white sg f def adj | separately adv | when conj | acc f 3sg clt | carry 2sg pres I | to | carder sg f | woman pl f def | spin 3pl pres I |
212 (a) [9:44] they comb it, take it to the carder and it gets carded.
| there adv | card 3pl pres I | carry 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | to | carder sg f | card 3sg pres P | acc refl clt |
213 (GK) [cough]
|
|
214 (a) [9:47] they mix it, ready it for distaffs, and then later they made shawls.
| mix 3sg pres P | acc refl clt | distaff pl f | make 3pl pres I | acc f 3sg clt | after adv | make 3pl impf I | peasant.shawl pl m |
215 (a) [9:51] Each one made whatever they wanted from it.
| who sg m inter.rel | what sg n interr | want 3sg pres I | such sg n adj | dat refl clt | make 3sg impf I | mean 3sg pres I | from | acc 3pl |
216 (GK) And how do you call the dirty wool?
| and | this sg f adj | dirty sg f def adj | wool sg f | how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I |
217 (GK) Dirty, unwashed. The unwashed wool. It has to get washed, right?
| dirty sg f def adj |
not.wash
sg
f
def
P.part
I
|
not.wash
sg
f
def
P.part
I
|
wool sg f | interr | need pres I imprs | acc refl clt | wash 3sg pres P |
218 (a) [10:03] Yes, you have to wash all of it. You can’t have dirty wool.
| disc | nom f 3sg | fut | acc refl clt | wash 3sg pres P | all sg f def adj | neg | can pres imprs | comp | pres exist | dirty sg f adj | wool sg f |
219 (GK) So how is it called?
| disc | how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I |
220 (b) [10:07] It’s greasy wool.
| disc | [...] | greasy sg f adj | greasy sg f adj | wool sg f |
221 (a) [10:09] Well, well, - Ah, right! All of it is greasy when we shear it.
| disc | disc | disc | disc | disc | disc | nom f 3sg | 3sg pres cop clt | all sg f def adj | greasy sg f adj | when inter.rel | acc f 3sg clt | shear 1pl pres I |
222 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
223 (a) [10:14] When it’s [just] shorn one says “This one isn’t washed [yet].”
| when inter.rel | acc refl clt | shear 3sg pres I | all sg f adj | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I | this f adj | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | wash sg f P.part I |
224 (a) [10:17] It’s greasy wool, it’s not washed.
| greasy sg f adj | 3sg pres cop clt | wool sg f def | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | wash sg f P.part I |
225 (GK) And here –
| and | here adv |
226 (a) [10:19] You sell it, for instance, to someone [who] wants to buy it from me,
| sell 2sg pres I | acc f 3sg clt | for.example adv | to | some sg m adj | want 3sg pres I | comp | dat 1sg clt | acc f 3sg clt | buy 3sg pres P |
227 (a) [10:22] he’ll ask you what kind your wool is, washed or unwashed.
| fut | acc 2sg clt | ask 3sg pres I | what.kind sg f adj | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt | wool sg f def | wash sg f P.part I | or | not.wash sg f P.part I |
228 (a) [10:25] Ah, it’s greasy wool, you see, because it’s not –
| disc | greasy sg f adj | dat refl clt | 3sg pres cop clt | wool sg f def | mean 3sg pres I | because | neg | 3sg pres cop clt |
229 (a) [10:27] it hasn’t been cleansed of grease, it [still] contains this –
| neg | 3sg pres cop clt | wash sg n P.part P | from | grease sg f def | from | [...] | this sg n adj | contain 3sg pres I | there adv | something sg n | thus adv |
230 (a) [10:32] this sticky [stuff]. That’s [how] wool [is] if you don’t wash it.
| like | stick 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | mean 3sg pres I | for | wool sg f def | if conj | neg | acc f 3sg clt | wash 2sg pres P |
231 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
232 (a) [10:36] Then after you wash it, it becomes clean.
| and | when conj | fut | wash 2sg pres P | nom 2sg | later adv | clean sg f adj | become 3sg pres I |
233 (GK) But down by stomach, the part …
| but | disc | here adv | from | stomach sg m def | rel | this sg n adj |
234 (a) [10:41] The stomach is –
| […] | stomach sg m def | disc |
235 (GK) … around the udder, around the head, how ..
| around | along | udder sg n def | along | head sg f def | how interr | acc refl clt |
236 (a) [10:45] On ...
| [...] | [...] |
237 (GK) how do you call that wool?
| how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I | this sg f adj | wool sg f |
238 (a) [10:47] … those – that’s called skirting. That is, if it’s –
| no | skirting sg m | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I | this sg n adj | mean 3sg pres I | if conj | acc f 3sg clt | dat refl clt | disc |
239 (a) [10:50] if you don’t – it falls off if you don’t shear it in time.
| until conj | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | this sg f adj | drop 3sg pres I | if conj | if conj | neg | acc f 3sg clt | [...] | shear 2sg pres P |
240 (a) [10:52] in time the wool will fall off of the stomach, because when they move around,
| in | time sg n | by | stomach sg m def | fut | drop 3sg pres P | this sg f adj | wool sg f | because adv | when conj | go 3pl pres I |
241 (a) [10:56] when they move around hereabouts among thorns and ferns, it falls off.
| ost | here adv | around | thorn pl m def | around | fern sg m def | how inter.rel | go 3pl pres I | nom sg n | drop 3sg pres I |
242 (a) [11:00] But someone who’s a clever one will dye it earlier,
| and | and | who sg m inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | clever sg m adj | but | more | early adv | comp | dat refl clt | acc f 3sg clt | dye 3sg pres P |
243 (a) [11:03] [and get] this wool [that] is called
| call 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | this sg f adj | wool sg f | skirting sg m |
244 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
245 (a) [11:05] And you shear it off the stomach, and shear it around the tail,
| and | dat refl clt | acc 3pl clt | shear 3sg pres P | by | stomach sg m def | mean 3sg pres I | fut | acc f 3sg clt | shear 3sg pres P | by | tail sg f def |
246 (a) [11:08] and here around the neck you’ll shear it. And a month later
| here adv | by | neck sg f def | fut | acc f 3sg clt | shear 3sg pres P | and | after | one sg m adj | month sg m |
247 (a) [11:11] you’ll shear [the rest] and remove the fleece.
| fut | acc f 3sg clt | shear 3sg pres I | already adv | fut | dat f 3sg clt | take.down 3sg pres P | fleece sg n def | mean 3sg pres I |
248 (GK) And how do you call the wool you get from lambs and yearlings
| disc | from | from | yearling pl n | from | lamb pl n | how interr | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I | this sg f adj | wool sg f |
249 (GK) when you shear them?
| rel | acc 3pl clt | shear 3pl pres I |
250 (a) [11:19] “Yarina” (lambswool).
| sg f |
251 (GK) So that’s called “yarina”.
| sg f | acc refl clt | say 3sg pres I | this sg f adj |
252 (a) [11:22] Hah, someone has told that to you [no doubt].
|
excl
|
to | acc 2sg | dat 2sg clt | 3sg pres aux clt | say sg m L.part I | someone sg m | nom 2sg |
253 (GK) And how do you call them when they are little?
| and | and | disc | how interr | acc refl clt | name 3pl pres I | when conj | 3pl pres cop clt | small pl adj |
254 (GK) How do you call the young of a sheep, when it’s just born?
| how interr | dat n 3sg clt | call 2sg pres I | to | to | when conj | bear 3sg pres P | sheep sg f def | little sg n adj | how interr | in.beginning adv |
255 (a) [11:34] Well, we call that “agŭntse”, “yagne” (a lamb).
| disc | disc | disc | lamb sg n | lamb sg n | dat n 3sg clt | call 1pl pres I |
256 (GK) “Yagne”. And later, when it gets –
| lamb sg n | and | later adv | how interr | what sg n interr | become 3sg pres I |
257 (a) [11:39] When it gets a bit bigger, we call them “shileta” (yearlings)
| […] | when conj | get.bigger 3sg pres P | yearling pl n | acc 3pl clt | call 1pl pres I | yearling pl n |
258 (a) For which, the males or the females?
| disc | to | which sg m interr | to | male pl def adj | to | female pl def adj |
259 (a) [11:44] Both males and females are called yearlings, the ones born in the same year.
| and | male pl adj | and | female pl adj | acc refl clt | call 3pl pres I | yearling pl n | mean 3sg pres I |
of.this.year
pl
def
adj
|
260 (a) [11:47] That is, lambs born in the spring are called yearlings up to a year.
| mean 3sg pres I | of.spring pl def adj | lamb pl n | acc refl clt | call 3pl pres I | now adv | yearling pl n | to.year adv | already adv |
261 (a) [11:51] And in their second year [they are called] “dzviski” (hoggets)
| for | other sg f def adj | year sg f | hogget pl f |
262 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
263 (a) [11:54] A [female] hogget, that’s it.
| hogget sg f | mean 3sg pres I | disc | 3sg pres cop clt |
264 (GK) And is the male [also] called a hogget?
| and | male sg n def adj | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | hogget sg f |
265 (a) [11:57] The male [hogget] is called “dvzizo”. So after the yearling comes the hogget.
| male sg n def adj | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | hogget sg n | hogget sg n | mean 3sg pres I | mean 3sg pres I | after | yearling sg n def | rel | 3sg pres cop clt | hogget sg n |
266 (a) [12:01] That’s the hogget, [then] there’s the “mator” [young ram], then the old ram.
| this sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt | hogget sg n | this sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt | young.ram sg m | this sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt | old sg m adj | ram sg m |
267 (GK) Which is the “mator”?
| which sg n interr adj | 3sg pres cop clt | young.ram sg m |
268 (a) [12:04] It’s a “mator” in its third year, when it’s just begun –
| disc | disc | young.ram sg m | third sg f def adj | year sg f | mean 3sg pres I | when conj | begin 3sg impf P |
269 (GK) And then it’s an old ram after –
| and | then adv | old sg m adj | ram sg m | above |
270 (a) [12:08] It’s an old ram after three years. That’s [when it gets to be] an old ram
| [...] | old sg m adj | ram sg m | above | three | year pl f | this sg m adj | 3sg pres cop clt | old sg m adj | ram sg m | [...] |
271 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
272 (a) [12:12] An old ram, or you could also call it an old head.
| old sg m adj | ram sg m | or | old sg m adj | head sg m | can 2sg pres I | comp | acc m 3sg clt | tell 2sg pres P |
273 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
274 (a) [12:17] And –
| and |
275 (GK) And what – did you do something with their horns?
| and | and | what sg n interr |
[ … ]
|
something sg n | by | horn pl f def | do 2pl impf I | interr clt | dat 3pl clt |
276 (a) [12:21] No.
| no |
277 (GK) No?
| disc |
278 (a) [12:22] We didn’t do anything.
| nothing sg n | neg | 1pl pres aux clt | do pl L.part I |
279 (GK) You didn’t bend them somehow, so they’d look nicer –
| neg | 2pl pres aux clt | acc 3pl clt |
bend
pl
L.part
I
|
thus adv | comp | 3pl pres cop clt |
pretty
pl
adj
|
comp |
|
280 (a) [12:25] Huh.
| and |
281 (GK) – their horns?
| pl m def | dat 3pl clt |
282 (a) [12:27] Ho! How did you – ? If you have one, for instance –
| excl | disc | adrs | who sg m | dat 2sg clt | [...] | someone sg m | when conj | have 2sg pres I | for.example adv | [...] |
283 (a) [12:33] if someone had a hundred sheep like I did, and was particularly keen on one –
| when conj | nom 1sg | then adv | how inter.rel | have 1sg impf I | hundred | sheep pl f | someone sg m | keen indcl | disc | on | some sg n adj |
284 (a) [12:38] if one lamb is prettier, then with the prettier lamb
| which sg n inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | more | nice sg n adj | lamb sg n | interr | which sg n inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | more | nice sg n adj | lamb sg n |
285 (a) [12:41] they would bind up its horns when it was still small.
| tie 3pl impf I | dat 3pl clt | acc refl clt | horn pl m def | thus adv | when conj | acc refl clt | see 3sg pres I | still adv | small sg n adj |
286 (a) [12:44] You’d bind its horns, so they grow straight; that’s called a “kachor” (stag-lamb)
| fut | dat n 3sg clt | acc 3pl clt | tie 2sg pres I | for | comp | emerge 3pl pres P | upwards adv | and | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | this sg n adj | stag.lamb sg m |
287 (GK) Which one is called a “kachor”?
| to | which sg n interr adj | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | stag.lamb sg m |
288 (a) [12:49] When you bind its horns so they grow tall, that is, straight …
| disc | when conj | dat n 3sg clt | tie 2sg pres P | horn pl m def | and | emerge 3pl pres P | upward adv | mean 3sg pres I | straight adv |
290 (a) [12:52] … upwards, and not to the side. That’s called a “kachor”.
| upwards adv | and | not | to.side adv | this sg n adj | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | stag.lamb sg m | mean 3sg pres I |
291 (a) [12:55] And then you’ve got a “kachor”. One’s made himself a “kachor”
| ost | this sg m adj | have 3sg pres I | stag.lamb sg m | mean 3sg pres I | stag.lamb sg m | dat refl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | make sg m L.part P |
292 (GK) So a ram there is called “dzvizar”, [I mean] a “kachor”.
| mean 3sg pres I | small.ram sg n def | ram sg n def | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | there adv | hogget sg m | acc refl clt | call 3sg pres I | stag.lamb sg m |
293 (a) [13:01] “Kachor”, yes.
| disc | stag.lamb sg m | mean 3sg pres I |
yes
|
294 (GK) And what do you tie [on the horns]?
| and | with | what sg n interr | acc 3pl clt | tie 3sg pres I |
295 (a) [13:04] Well, a thread, or some sort of tie,
| disc | with | [...] | with | one sg m adj | thread sg m | with | one f sg adj | tie sg f | mean 3sg pres I |
296 (a) [13:07] or some hemp cord like they make now. Some small tie
| disc | from | this pl adj | hemp pl m def | rel | 3pl pres cop clt | fut | make 3sg pres P | one sg f adj | tie sg f | mean 3sg pres I |
297 (a) [13:18] that you put on the horns, and the horns will grow up straight
| fut | fut | acc 3pl clt | tie 3sg pres P | here adv | horn pl m def | and | horn pl m def | fut | set.out 3pl pres P | to.above adv |
298 (a) [13:13] nd not to the side. Because on rams they grow to the side –
| and | not | to.side adv | because conj | on | ram pl m def | 3pl pres cop clt | to.side adv | interr | to |
299 (b) [12:52] Straight up.
| straight adv |
299 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |
300 (a) [13:17] to the side. Fine, but if you tie them when it’s still a lamb,
| to.side adv | 3pl pres cop clt | fine adv | but | when conj | acc 3pl clt | tie 2sg pres P | on | lamb sg n | still adv |
301 (a) [13:20] as soon as its horns appear, if you tie them and tighten them,
| when conj | acc refl clt | appear 3pl pres I | small.horn pl n def | when conj | acc 3pl clt | tie 2sg pres P | thus adv | and | acc 3pl clt | tighten 2sg pres P | interr |
302 (a) [13:24] then they’ll grow straight up. This year, for instance,
| and | nom 3pl | set.off 3pl pres I | to.above adv | and | this sg f adj | year sg f | fut | make 3sg pres P | comp | say 1pl pres P |
303 (a) [13:30] we had horns of fifteen centimeters, and the next year ten more.
| fifteen | centimeter ct m | horn sg m | other sg f def adj | year f sg | make 3sg pres I | still adv | ten | later adv |
304 (a) [13:36] Some have less, but they get thicker as they grow up.
| but | some sg m adj | exist impf | by | more | little adv | because conj | more | thicken 3pl pres I | acc refl clt | above adv |
305 (a) [13:40] The older they get, the thicker [the horns], and so it goes
| how.much inter.rel | age 3sg pres I | so.much adv | so.much adv | more | thicken 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | toward | disc | mean 3sg pres I |
306 (a) [13:44] and we can’t get much height: the second, third, fourth year, and nothing
| and | much adv | neg | can pres imprs | comp | make 1pl pres P | second sg f def adj | third sg f def adj | year sg f | fourth sg f def adj | and | not.at.all adv |
307 (a) [13:49] They would only get five centimeters.
| then adv | fut | make 3pl impf P | so.much adv | mean 3sg pres I | five | centimeter ct m |
308 (GK) Uh huh.
| bkch |