Vladimir Zhobov
Vŭrbina 2
1 (VZh) [Did you sow lentils?]
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2 (a) [0:01] We sow them, then they bloom, and then they become seeds.
| acc f 3sg clt | sow 1pl pres P | and | then med adv | bloom 3sg pres P | acc refl clt | and | and | become 3sg pres P | seed pl n |
3 (a) [0:05] And when they’re ripe we harvest them. We pound them down with chunks of wood
| and | when inter.rel | ripen 3sg pres P | acc f 3sg clt | pluck 1pl pres I | and | pound 1pl pres I | acc f 3sg clt | with | with | wooden.club pl m |
4 (a) [0:09] we pound them with pitchforks, but on this – indoors on a porch
| with | pitchfork pl f | pound 1pl pres P | acc f 3sg clt | and | but | to | such sg n dist adj | inside adv | to | porch sg m |
5 (a) [0:15] Back then there wasn’t [anything] cement [outdoors], so [we did it] indoors
| neg | 3sg pres aux clt | disc | neg | 3sg pres aux clt | L.part exist | then dist adv | cement sg n P.part P | and | inside adv |
6 (a) [0:19] there, on boards on the porch. How can you process them [there] in the soil?
| there adv | to | porch sg m def dist | to | board pl f def dist | where interr | fut | acc n 3sg clt | gather 2sg pres I | in | soil sg m def dist |
7 (a) [0:23] Lentils aren’t for eating anyway! [laughter]
| lentils sg f def dist | acc refl clt | neg | eat 3sg pres I |
8 (VZh) [Did you cook up lentils often?]
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9 (a) [0:26] We ate more beans that we did lentils. Lentils will keep [your energy up]
| beans sg m def dist | acc refl clt | more | eat 3sg pres I | more | lentils sg f def dist | nom f 3sg | lentils sg f def dist | keep 3sg pres I |
10 (a) [0:31] only long enough to get you under the house! [laughter]
| so.much rel dist | to | under | house sg f def dist | comp | go 2sg pres P |
11 (VZh) [laughter]
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12 (a) [0:36] Well how [else]? That’s how it is, isn’t it?
| and | disc | how interr | thus dist adv | neg | 3sg pres cop clt |
13 (VZh) [What did you feed the animals?]
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14 (a) [0:39] Well, corn, grain – they eat everything! So that’s what we gave them.
| and | and | corn sg m | and | rye sg n | nom 3pl | eat 3pl pres I | everything sg n adj | and | thus med adv | dat 3pl clt | give 1pl impf I |
15 (a) [0:43] What [else] will you feed them? Animals can’t live if you don’t give them
| what indcl interr | fut | acc 3pl clt | feed 2sg pres I | disc | neg | live 3sg pres I | animal sg m def dist | if conj | dat m 3sg clt | neg | give 2sg pres I |
16 (a) [0:46] [food] of the sort that we eat [too].
| from | rel dist | nom 1pl | eat 1pl pres I |
17 (VZh) [0:49] Which [animal do you refer to when] you say “cattle”?
| to | which sg n interr adj | call 2pl pres I | cattle pl n |
18 (a) [0:51] Ah – to the ones we have – cows. We call those “cattle”.
| disc | to | rel dist | have 1pl pres I | cow pl f | and | acc 3pl clt | cattle pl n | call 1pl pres I |
19 (VZh) [How do you call the young?]
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20 (a) [0:55] Well, that’s a calf.
| this sg n med adj | again adv | what indcl | 3sg pres cop clt | calf sg n def dist |
21 (VZh) [0:58] Umhm.
| bkch |
22 (a) [0:59] When it’s born you’ll look after it, if you [decide] to keep it.
| when inter.rel | acc refl clt | bear 3sg pres P | again adv | fut | acc n 3sg clt | look 2sg pres I | if conj | acc n 3sg clt | look 2sg pres I |
23 (a) [1:00] If you don’t [decide to] keep it, you look after it a month or two
| when inter.rel | acc n 3sg clt | neg | look 2sg pres I | and | one sg m adj | month sg m | acc n 3sg clt | look sg imv I | two m |
24 (a) and then slaughter it. [laughter]
| and | and | slaughter sg imv P | acc n 3sg clt |
25 (VZh) [And how long is a cow’s pregnancy?]
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26 (a) [1:07] [inaudible] months
| month ct m |
27 (VZh) [1:08] How many?
| how.many interr |
28 (a) [1:08] A cow carries [her calf] nine months.
| nine | month ct m | acc n 3sg clt | carry 3sg pres I | cow sg f def dist |
29 (VZh) [1:10] Umhm. And how do you call it when [the cow] gives birth?
| bkch | and | how interr | acc n 3sg clt | call 2sg pres I | when conj | acc refl clt | bear 3sg pres P |
30 (b) [1:12] It has calved.
| calve sg f L.part P | acc refl clt |
31 (a) [1:14] The cow calves, and a calf is born!
| calve 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | cow sg f def dist | and | bear 3sg pres I | calf sg n |
32 (VZh) [1:17] Yes. So then what happens after a year [has passed]? How do you call it?
| yes | later adv | what sg n interr | become 3sg pres I | at | one f sg adj | year f sg | how interr | dat n 3sg clt | say 2pl pres I |
33 (a) [1:19] [After] a year –
| one sg f adj | year sg f | again adv |
34 (b) [1:20] Heifer.
| heifer sg f |
35 (a) [1:21] Well, we – they call it a heifer.
| again adv | dat n 3sg clt | [...] | call 3pl pres I | heifer sg f |
36 (VZh) [1:22] What?
| how interr |
37 (a) [1:23] A heifer.
| heifer sg f |
38 (VZh) [1:23] Yes? After that?
| yes | later adv |
39 (a) [1:25] Then if it’s a male, [you say] an ox has been born. Hah.
| later adv | when inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | male sg n adj | again adv | ox sg m | acc refl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | bear sg m L.part P | excl |
40 (a) [1:29] If it’s a female, a heifer. [We call it] an ox when it gets big –
| when inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | female sg n adj | heifer sg f | ox sg m | 3sg pres cop clt | again adv | when inter.rel | become 3sg pres P | big sg n adj |
41 (a) [1:32] when [cough] it’s two or three years old, when [it’s old enough] to plow.
| when inter.rel | two f | year pl f | then med adv | at | three | comp | plow 3pl pres I |
42 (VZh) [How did you do the plowing?]
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43 (a) [1:35] With the oxen we plowed like this – what we did was not like the way
| plow 1pl impf I | with | ox pl m | thus prox adv | rel med | 1pl pres cop clt | disc | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | with | [...] | such pl dist adj |
44 (a) [1:40] they plow now, with tractors and who knows what, but with a wooden plow.
| like prox | now adv | plow 3pl pres I | with | tractor pl m | and | with | who.knows adv | what indcl interr | disc | with | plow pl n |
45 (a) [1:47] I did the plowing and the digging, and I plowed with the oxen
| and | plow sg f L.part I | 1sg pres aux clt | and | and | dig sg f L.part I | 1sg pres aux clt | and | and | with | ox pl m def dist | 1sg pres aux clt | plow sg f L.part I |
46 (a) [1:52] like a man, because my husband had gone off to earn a living for us,
| like med | man sg m | because | husband sg m def | dat 1sg clt | 3sg pres aux clt | go m I | comp | dat 1sg clt | earn 3sg pres I |
47 (a) [1:56] and to feed me. I took [him on in marriage] as an orphan. That’s how it is.
| and | comp | acc 1sg clt | feed 3sg pres I | orphan sg m | 1sg pres aux clt | take sg f L.part P | and | this sg n med adj | 3sg pres cop clt |
48 (VZh) [And did you bake bread?]
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49 (a) [2:00] Every evening, I baked bread for the municipality, a large kneading trough [full].
| evening adv | by | one sg f | trough sg f | big sg f adj | to | municipality sg f def prox | 1sg pres aux clt | bake sg f L.part I | bread sg m |
50 (a) [2:04] We didn’t have an outdoor oven or anything. There was one oven here near me,
| not.have 1pl impf I | neither | oven sg f | neither | nothing indcl | here adv | impf exist | by | acc 1sg | one sg f adj | oven sg f |
51 (a) [2:08] [the only one] in the the whole village [unintelligible] Just [the] one oven and
| in | here adv | entire sg n def med adj | village sg n | one sg m adj | stove sg m | impf exist | and |
52 (a) [2:12] so we had to bake five times a day. We would bake from one kneading trough,
| and | by | five | time pl m | for | day sg m def | bake 1pl impf I | one sg f def dist adj | one sg f def dist adj | trough sg f | bake 1pl pres P |
53 (a) [2:16] with dough rising in another, and then take it to them at the municipality.
| and | other sg f adj | ferment f 3sg P | and | to | municipality sg f def dist | comp | acc 3pl clt | carry 3pl pres I |
54 (a) [2:18] I did [all] the baking of bread for them. There wasn’t a large oven like there is now.
| nom 1sg | dat 3pl clt | 1sg pres aux clt | 1sg pres aux clt | bread sg m def dist | impf neg exist | oven sg f | inter.rel | 3sg pres cop clt | like prox | now adv |
55 (a) [2:21] Don’t judge by how many houses there are now – we weren’t so many then.
| nom 2sg | neg hort | look sg imv I | now adv | many adv | house pl f | nom 1pl | 1pl impf cop | neg | so.many prox adv |
56 (a) [2:25] The municipal hall was here, here where people pass by, where there’s a –
| and | municipality sg f def med | 3sg impf cop | here adv | rel prox | here adv | pass 3pl pres I | one sg f adj | rel prox | pres exist |
57 (a) [2:29] this little store now, that’s where it was. There wasn’t anything there [then]
| here adv | like med | store sg n | and | there adv | 3sg impf cop | disc | below adv | aor neg exist |
58 (a) [2:34] there were very few houses of us, but now they've multiplied [many times over].
| nom 1pl | 1pl impf cop | little adv | house pl f | but | now adv | 3pl pres aux clt | acc refl clt | multiply pl L.part P |
59 (VZh) [So only one oven wasn’t enough?]
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60 (a) [2:37] I would come back bringing starter, and mix up another batch because I couldn’t do
| return 1sg pres I | acc refl clt | carry 1sg pres I | hes | and | starter sg m | and | again adv | other sg m adj | knead 1sg pres P | because | neg | 1sg pres cop clt |
61 (a) [2:41] just one or two. We did five bakings per day [for them] down there,
| for | one sg m adj | stove sg m | and | two m | by | five | stove pl m | 1pl pres aux clt | bake pl L.part I | down adv |
62 (a) [2:45] for them at the municipality to bring bread to [all of] us.
| to | where rel dist | municipality sg f def dist | comp | dat 1pl clt | carry 3pl pres I | there adv | bread sg m def |
63 (a) [2:47] Our oven is not from another place, so don’t jump to conclusions
| neg | dat 1pl clt | 3sg pres cop clt | from | elsewhere adv | outdoor.oven sg f def dist | now adv | neg hort | look sg imv I |
64 (a) [2:49] when you see many ovens here. We had just that one,
| when inter.rel | pres exist | outdoor.oven pl f | here adv | one sg f adj | outdoor.oven sg f | have 1pl impf I |
65 (a) [2:52] and it would take up to thirty loaves. [It was] a small oven.
| and | this sg n med adj | take 3sg impf I | to | thirty | bread ct m | outdoor.oven sg f def dist | small sg f adj |
66 (VZh) [Your] oven was small.
| small sg f adj | 3sg impf cop | outdoor.oven sg f def dist |
67 (a) [3:01] Yes. The size it had been built earlier on. When I came upon it [it had already] been built.
| disc | as.much rel dist | 3sg pres aux clt | build sg f P.part P | sg f L.part cop | before adv | from | what rel dist | 1sg pres aux clt | find sg f L.part P | build sg n P.part P |
68 (a) [3:05] They weren’t going to build anything new [for so few people].
| disc | impf neg exist | there adv | comp | build 3pl pres I | neg | whatever sg n | nothing indcl |
69 (a) [3:08] The area is much [more] settled now.
| disc | now adv | acc refl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | setlle sg n L.part P | many adv | but |