Stalevo 1

38 (GK) Hah.

xə

bkch

ха

39 (a) [2:09] where you spin-twist the wool.

where rel

acc refl clt

spin.twist 3sg pres I

vɤ̀lnətə

wool sg f def

вълна

40 (a) [2:10] The [wool] that is [intended] for rugs is [spun] thick, like this.

and

this sg f adj

rel

3pl pres cop clt

for

rug pl f

nom f 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

thus adv

thick sg f adj

41 (GK) Aha. And the part that you “spin-twist,” what –

bkch

and

this sg f adj

rel

acc refl clt

spin.twist 3sg pres I

kakvò

what sg n interr

какво

42 (a) [2:16] The part you spin-twist, that’s tied to the distaff.

this sg f adj

rel

acc refl clt

spin.twist 3sg pres I

nom f 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

distaff sg f

tie sg f P.part I

43 (a) [2:20] There’s this ribbon, and you’ll bind it to the distaff and –

distaff sg f

tie sg f

dat refl clt

pres exist

fut

acc f 3sg clt

tie 2sg pres P

and

44 (GK) You pull. What do you pull from the wool?

pull 2sg pres I

what sg n interr

pull 2sg pres P

from

wool sg f def

45 (a) [2:27] You’ll spin-twist it and rotate [the spindle], spin-twist it, and rotate it

zə

fut

ще

mùcəš

spin.twist 2sg pres I

and

fut

rotate 2sg pres I

fut

spin.twist 2sg pres I

and

fut

rotate 2sg pres I

and

46 (GK) I didn’t know that word “spin-twist”

disc

neg

acc f 3sg clt

know 1sg impf I

this sg f adj

word sg f

spin.twist 1sg pres P

замуцам

47 (a) [2:34] That’s how I used to spin-twist.

mùcəh

spin.twist 1sg impf I

təkà

thus adv

така

48 (GK) (to self) It’s probably from izmɤ̀kvə (“pull out”).

[...]

pull.out 3sg pres I

must pres imprs

comp

3sg pres cop clt

this sg n adj

49 (a) [2:39] Yes.

yes

yes

50 (GK) And what gets spin-twisted from this, from, from –

and

what sg n interr

acc refl clt

pull.out 3sg pres I

from.there adv

from

this sg n adj

from

from

51 (a) [2:42] From the wool.

from

от

vəlnʌ̀tə

wool sg f def

вълна

52 (GK) What do you get from it, how did you call that, zhichka (a thread)? Or …

what sg n interr

[...]

become 3sg pres I

from

acc n 3sg

how interr

dat n 3sg clt

call 2pl impf I

thread sg f

53 (a) [2:45] “zhichka” (thread).

žɨ̀čkə̥

thread sg f

жичка

54 (GK) … or “nishka” (thread’)?

thread sg f

55 (a) [2:47] “zhichka”

žɨ̀čkə̥

thread sg f

жичка

56 (GK) [So,] “zhichka”.

žìčka

thread sg f

жичка

and

57 (a) [2:48] [Yes,] that’s a thread.

this sg n adj

dat refl clt

3sg pres cop clt

thread sg f

58 (GK) And it goes onto the spindle.

and

go 3sg pres I

spindle sg n def

59 (a) [2:50] You’ll wind it up – you’ll wind it up with this [hand]

disc

nom 2sg

fut

wind 2sg pres P

with

this f adj

fut

wind 2sg pres P

60 (a) [2:55] You’ll spin-twist with that [hand] and wind it up with this [one].

with

this sg f adj

fut

spin.twist 2sg pres P

with

this sg f adj

fut

wind 2sg pres P

61 (GK) Aha. And then from the spindle [it goes to] –

bkch

and

later adv

from

spindle sg n def

62 (a) [2:59] [You take it] from the spindle to the yarn-crutch.

from

spindle sg n def

yarn.crutch sg f

63 (GK) Right –

tɤ̀j

thus adv

тъй

64 (a) [3:02] There’s a yarn-crutch, and you wind it onto the yarn-crutch.

yarn.crutch sg f

pres exist

fut

acc f 3sg clt

wind 2sg pres P

yarn.crutch sg f

65 (a) [3:05] Then there’s the rotating frames made [to hold the yarn, and] the spinning wheel.

later adv

pres exist

rotating.frame pl f

make pl P.part P

spinning.wheel sg m

66 (a) [3:08] When you weave you set up the spinning wheel, and twist [thread] onto the bobbins,

when inter.rel

acc n 3sg clt

weave 2sg pres I

put 2sg pres P

spinning.wheel sg m def

twist 2sg pres P

bobbin pl m def

67 (a) [3:14] and – and throw the shuttle, and weave! Everything was woven by hand.

and

with

shuttle sg f def

throw sg imv I

weave sg imv I

everything sg n adj

acc refl clt

3sg pres aux clt

weave sg n L.part P

hand sg f

68 (GK) Aha. Good. But why did you put it on the yarn-crutch?

bkch

good adv

but

why interr

yarn.crutch sg f

acc n 3sg clt

put 2pl impf I

69 (a) [3:29] You’ll wind it up on the yarn-crutch, and then you’ll moisten it with water

fut

acc n 3sg clt

wind 2sg pres I

yarn.crutch sg f def

and

fut

acc n 3sg clt

moisten 2sg pres P

with

water sg f

70 (a) [3:33] while you twist it, and then you wind it up so it doesn’t tangle

when conj

acc n 3sg clt

twist 2sg pres I

later adv

wind 2sg pres P

neg

acc refl clt

tangle 3sg pres I

71 (a) [3:38] because otherwise it starts to get tangled, and tangled like that, it jams

and

otherwise adv

grasp 3pl pres P

acc refl clt

tangles pl m

disc

tangles pl m

comp

acc refl clt

block 3pl pres P

72 (a) [3:44] the cloth, and it doesn’t – it won’t be nice. [Everything’s] wound [onto] the yarn-crutch,

cloth sg m def

neg

[...]

neg

3sg pres cop clt

nice adv

yarn.crutch sg f def

wind sg n P.part P

73 (a) [3:51] and a yarn-crutch measure is moistened with cold water. And when it dries

cold sg f adj

water sg f

moisten sg f P.part P

наквася

əršìnkətə

yarn.crutch.measure sg f def

and

when conj

dry 3sg pres P

74 (a) [3:56] you gather it together. And when you start to weave, you put [the yarn]

gather sg imv I

acc n 3sg clt

when inter.rel

take 2sg pres P

comp

weave 2sg pres I

put sg imv I

75 (a) [3:59] onto the rotating frames. And there’s the spinning wheel, the bobbins –

nə

на

vrʌ̀t’k’it’ȅ

rotating.frame pl f def

spinning.wheel sg m

pres exist

bobbin pl m

76 (GK) So they – but why do you wind it onto bobbins?

nom 3pl

but

for

what sg n interr

bobbin pl m

acc n 3sg clt

wind 2pl pres I

77 (a) [4:06] You wind it onto the bobbins, and you’ve got a shuttle to throw through the “shed”

bobbin pl m

comp

acc n 3sg clt

wind 2sg pres P

and

shuttle sg f

have 2sg pres I

fut

throw 2sg pres I

through

mouth sg f def

78 (a) [4:12] [on the loom]. First to here, then to there, and then to – you’ll weave.

ost

here adv

ost

there adv

ost

fut

weave 2sg pres P

79 (GK) Aha. So you put the bobbins – what do you put the bobbins on?

disc

mean 3sg pres I

bobbin pl m def

acc n 3sg clt

put 2sg pres I

what sg n interr

acc n 3sg clt

put 2sg pres I

80 (a) [4:18] The bobbins [go] on the shuttle.

bobbin pl m

shuttle sg f

81 (GK) Right –

tɤ̀j

thus adv

тъй

82 (a) [4:21] There’s this special shuttle, and inside it there’s [a place where] – you put the bobbin

shuttle sg f

special sg f adj

such.kind sg f adj

and

inside adv

pres exist

thus adv

and

shove 2sg pres P

bobbin sg m def

83 (a) [4:28] and you fasten it down, and then – throw and weave!

and

fasten 2sg pres P

acc m 3sg clt

and

throw sg imv I

and

weave sg imv I

84 (GK) And what did you fasten it down with?

with

what sg n interr

acc m 3sg clt

fasten 2pl impf I

85 (a) [4:33] Um – a stick, a little piece of wood on the shuttle, like –

[...]

stick sg f

disc

nom n 3sg

dat refl clt

pres exist

wood.piece sg n

shuttle sg f def

86 (a) [4:42] It’s a wire. And [the spool] sinks down here inside [on it] and you’ll –

thus adv

3sg pres cop clt

wire sg m def

sink 3sg pres P

here adv

here adv

disc

inside adv

and

fut

acc m 3sg clt

[...]

87 (a) [4:47] you’ll fasten it down, and throw, wherever you want. Easy!

fut

acc m 3sg clt

fasten 2sg pres P

and

throw sg imv I

comfortably adv

already adv

where rel

want 2sg pres I

88 (GK) OK, and what happens with this “shed” on the loom?

fine adv

and

how interr

happen 3sg pres I

this sg f adj

this sg f adj

mouth sg f

loom sg m def

89 (GK) How does it work?

how interr

happen 3sg pres I

90 (a) [4:57] On –

nə

на

91 (GK) What are the parts of the loom? What’s it like? I’ve seen

what.kind pl adj

part pl f

pres exist

around

loom sg m def

what sg n interr

3sg pres cop clt

this sg n adj

nom 1sg

1sg pres aux clt

see sg m L.part I

92 (GK) other such, but [they were] upright looms. Yours aren’t.

but

other pl adj

such pl adj

upright pl adj

loom pl m

your pl def adj

neg

3pl pres cop clt

93 (a) [5:07] Ours – the loom is specially made, a frame piece below and one above.

our pl def adj

loom sg m

dat refl clt

make sg m P.part P

special sg m adj

below adv

beam sg f

above adv

beam sg f

94 (a) [5:15] And down below there’s a hole carved out and [a piece] pushed into it, and now -

and

pres exist

and

here adv

below adv

carve.into sg n P.part P

poke sg n P.part P

and

all adv

95 (GK) What?

kəkvò

what sg n interr

какво

96 (a) [5:24] [so] it won’t fall apart when you put it together.

neg

acc refl clt

fall.apart 3sg pres I

hes

when conj

acc m 3sg clt

assemble 2sg pres P

97 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

98 (a) [5:27] It gets all put in place. And when it’s all in place –

assemble 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

when conj

acc refl clt

assemble 3sg pres P

99 (GK) So what else is there on the loom? There’s two frame pieces, and then –

and

what sg n interr

other sg n adj

pres exist

around

loom sg m def

mean 3sg pres I

pres exist

two f

beam pl f

after adv

100 (a) [5:34] Well, after that there’s the beams. The rear beam [is] where you’ll warp

and

later adv

pres exist

beam pl n

rear sg n adj

beam sg n

rel

fut

acc n 3sg clt

warp 2sg pres P

101 (a) [5:39] You warp that – [ah,] I don’t know how to tell you what a marvel [of things]

this sg n adj

warp sg imv I

neg

know 1sg pres I

what sg n interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

say 1sg pres P

how.many interr

wonder sg n

102 (a) [5:44] I’ve warped. So you warp, and then you’ll roll it onto the warp beam again.

1sg pres aux clt

warp sg f L.part P

comp

warp 2sg pres P

and

fut

acc n 3sg clt

wind 2sg pres P

beam sg n

again adv

103 (GK) How do you warp, after you take it from warp [threads]?

how interr

acc refl clt

how interr

acc refl clt

warp 3sg pres P

when conj

acc n 3sg clt

take 2sg pres P

from

warp sg f def

104 (a) [5:55] It’s wound onto spools,

spool pl m

3sg pres cop clt

wind sg n P.part P

105 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

106 (a) [5:57] and put onto this, onto the warp,

and

acc f 3sg clt

[...]

put sg n P.part P

disc

warp sg f def

107 (a) [6:02] and when each thread is pushed through, you pull, pull, and wind [it].

and

when conj

3sg pres cop clt

push sg n P.part P

each sg n adj

thread sg n def

and

pull sg imv P

pull sg imv P

and

wind 2sg pres P

108 (a) [6:10] Then when you [are ready to] warp, you take the warp beam

when conj

acc n 3sg clt

warp 2sg pres P

take 2sg pres P

beam sg n def

109 (GK) There’s these sticks, I’ve heard you put something [there]

there adv

one pl adj

stick pl f

1sg pres aux clt

hear sg m L.part I

that conj

put 3pl pres I

something sg n

110 (a) [6:16] [What] sticks? Where?

where interr

stick pl f

111 (GK) [On] the warp, when you warp.

warp sg f def

when conj

acc refl clt

warp 3sg pres I

112 (a) [6:18] There’s sticks, and spools pushed [onto] the sticks, and they thread it like this

disc

pres exist

stick pl f

spool pl m def

poke pl m P.part P

spool pl m def

acc refl clt

thus adv

thread 3pl pres I

and

113 (a) [6:25] here a spool, there a spool, in a row all the way down,

here adv

spool sg m

and

from.there adv

spool sg m

and

in.order adv

below adv

114 (a) [6:29] and you’ll push them into a board, it’s got holes in it,

and

fut

acc 3pl clt

push 2sg pres P

one sg f adj

board sg f

and

nom f 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

with

hole pl f

115 (a) [6:36] and you warp with it.

and

with

acc f 3sg

fut

warp 2sg pres I

116 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

117 (a) [6:39] You warp, and you warp [a skein of] eight for this [kind of loom operation]

fut

warp 2sg pres I

and

fut

acc m 3sg clt

warp 2sg pres P

this sg n med adj

for

eight

118 (a) [6:42] [a skein of] twelve for that [kind], and of fifteen for that [other kind].

that sg n adj

for

twelve

that sg n adj

fifteen

119 (GK) How did you used to count them?

how interr

acc 3pl clt

count 2pl impf I

120 (a) [6:47] By the threads. You take a measure of a thread from factory-made yarn

thread pl f

and

fut

keep 2sg pres I

thread sg f def

rel

3sg pres cop clt

from

buy sg f P.part P

yarn sg f

121 (a) [6:53] – there’s more of that kind, whereas the yarn spun [at home} – there’s less of that.

nom n 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

much adv

rel

3sg pres cop clt

spin sg n P.part I

nom n 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

with

little adv

122 (GK) Because it’s thicker.

because

fat sg n adj

123 (a) [7:01] It’s thicker, the [homespun] yarn is thicker. There’s less of it in the warp.

thick sg n adj

spin sg n def P.part I

3sg pres cop clt

thick sg n adj

nom n 3sg

3sg pres cop clt

little adv

warp sg n P.part P

and

124 (GK) OK, so you wind it onto the warp beam, right?

thus adv

and

wind 2sg pres I

beam sg n def

thus adv

interr clt

125 (a) [7:08] Later, after you warp it, there’s two poles hammered in, and on the poles

and

later adv

when conj

acc m 3sg clt

[...]

warp 2sg pres P

two m

pole ct m

hammer pl P.part P

and

pole pl m def

126 (a) [7:15] two stones, and you put the beam on these and there you go, it’s a handle:

two m

stone ct m

put sg imv P

beam sg n def

and

hort

handle sg f def

and

127 (a) [7:20] you wind it, wind it up.

wind sg imv P

fut

acc m 3sg clt

wind 2sg pres P

128 (IV) Like a sled, like a “kazak” (sled)

sled sg f

sled sg m

129 (a) [7:26] There’s a “kazak” tied in back, it gets pulled, and you wind it onto –

sled sg m

behind adv

pres exist

tie sg m P.part P

pull 3sg pres P

acc refl clt

and

nom 2sg

fut

acc m 3sg clt

wind 2sg pres P

130 (IV) The “kazak” is in back, right?

sled sg m def

3sg pres cop clt

behind adv

interr

131 (a) [7:32] Yes, on the beam. And you wind it and in the back, you put –

disc

beam sg n def

and

fut

wind 2sg pres P

and

behind

put 2sg pres P

132 (a) [7:41] How can I tell you? There’s “lito” (two-ply) and there’s “dimitno” (four-ply),

how interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

say 1sg pres P

all adv

and

two.ply adv

pres exist

and

four.ply adv

pres exist

133 (a) [7:46] and [the kind] with four heddles. [It’s for] trousers, thick felt.

and

with

four

heddle pl.t

pres exist

trousers pl.t def

thick pl def adj

full pl def P.part I

134 (a) [7:51] They’re more thickly spun. And you take the fabric to be fulled

nom 3pl

3pl pres cop clt

fully adv

spin pl P.part I

and

acc refl clt

give 3pl pres I

and

acc refl clt

full 3sg pres I

fabric sg m def

135 (a) [7:59] and then we sew trousers [for] the men [from it].

and

trousers pl.t

acc 3pl clt

sew 1pl pres I

man pl m def

then adv

136 (GK) And from the rear warp beam?

and

from

rear sg n adj

beam sg n

137 (a) [8:08] You wind it up on the rear beam and then you put the beam

and

rear sg n def adj

beam sg n

fut

acc m 3sg clt

wind 2sg pres P

and

and

beam sg n def

fut

put 2sg pres P

138 (a) [8:11] on the loom, one in back and the other beam in front, and you weave.

loom sg m def

one sg n def adj

behind adv

beam sg n

other sg n def adj

in.front adv

and

fut

weave 2sg pres I

139 (GK) Is there something else between the beam – between the two beams?

between

beam sg n def

between

two n def

beam pl n

pres exist

interr clt

something sg n

other sg n adj

140 (a) [8:20] There’s a heddle.

pres exist

heddle pl.t

141 (GK) Uh huh.

bkch

142 (a) [8:22] There’s a heddle, and [in] the heddle a reed comb, and in the reed comb

heddle pl.t

pres exist

and

heddle pl.t def

comb sg m

and

comb sg m def

with

143 (c) [8:28] [And] the batten.

bərdɨ̀lu

batten sg n

бърдило

144 (a) [8:29] The batten and you bang it, to weave.

batten sg n

fut

bang 2sg pres I

comp

weave 2sg pres I

145 (GK) Aha.

bkch

146 (a) [8:31] Weave, and sing!

weave sg imv I

and

sing sg imv I

147 (GK) [laughter]

[...]

148 (a) [8:35] That’s how it was.

thus adv

3sg impf cop

149 (GK) To make it easier.

comp

3sg pres cop clt

easy adv

150 (IV) And in this –

and

vəf

t’àx

acc 3pl

те

151 (GK) For it to be easier, right?

easy adv

comp

3sg pres cop clt

disc

152 (a) Uh huh.

əmhəm

bkch

153 (IV) There were some metal [things] there that kept the beam tight.

exist impf

one pl adj

metal pl adj

ost

thus adv

rel

stretch 3pl impf I

beam sg n def

154 (IV) What were these called?

how interr

acc refl clt

say 3pl impf I

155 (GK) So the fabric would stay taut.

comp

acc refl clt

neg

gather 3sg pres I

fabric sg m def

156 (IV) So the fabric would stay taut, they used to put these metal things with cogs.

comp

neg

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

fabric sg m def

one pl adj

metal pl adj

thus adv

with

cog pl m

acc refl clt

put 3pl impf I

157 (a) [8:47] Cogs.

zʌ̀pci

cog pl m

зъбци

158 (IV) Cogs, is [that what] they were called?

cog pl m

interr clt

acc refl clt

say 3pl impf I

159 (a) [8:49] Those were called cogs, so it won’t –-

that sg n adj

acc refl clt

say 3sg pres I

cog pl m

comp

acc refl clt

neg

[...]

160 (a) [8:52] The reed comb will break if you leave it without the cogs.

comb sg m def

fut

acc refl clt

break 3sg pres I

thus adv

if conj

leave 2sg pres P

without

cog pl m

161 (IV) Uh huh.

əhə̀

bkch