Vladimir Zhobov
Vŭrbina 4
Commentary on the text:
When the investigator’s words are transcribed in brackets, it means they do not appear on the audio but are rather reconstructed to recreate the sense of the original conversation. These words appear in English translation only in Glossed View, in both English and Bulgarian in Line View, and in Bulgarian only in Cyrillic Line View
1 (VZh) [How was the village founded?]
|
|
2 (d) [0:02] The village was founded – I don’t know what years. A certain time ago.
| village sg n def med | 3sg pres aux clt | sg n L.part cop | settle sg n L.part P | year pl f def med | neg | know 1sg pres I | before | one sg n adj | certain sg n adj | time sg n |
3 (d) [0:08] The old folk say that three people came to Vŭrbina from Anatolia
| old pl def med adj | say 3pl pres I | that conj | 3pl pres aux clt | from | Anatolia sg f place | come pl L.part P | three an.num | people pl | in | Vŭrbina sg f place |
4 (d) [0:11] and that they founded the village. That’s established. But what year
| and | 3pl pres aux clt | settle pl L.part P | village sg n def med | and | from.there adv | acc refl clt | establish 3sg pres I | which sg f interr adj | year sg f |
5 (d) [0:18] and when, I cannot tell you. Things went on after that,
| and | when interr | 3sg pres cop clt | neg | neg | can 1sg pres I | dat 2sg clt | say 1sg pres P | after.that adv | 3sg pres aux clt | walk sg n L.part I | this sg n med adj |
6 (d) [0:24] the succeeding years, and it continued on. This is what we know from recently.
| successive pl adj | year pl f | and | continue sg n L.part I | anew adv | acc sg n 3sg | understand 1pl pres I | nom 1pl |
7 (VZh) [When do you sow corn?]
|
|
8 (d) [0:31] We sow corn in the spring, when we plow with the oxen,
| disc | corn sg f def med | acc f 3sg clt | sow 1pl pres I | spring sg n adj | time sg n | when rel | acc f 3sg clt | plow 1pl pres I | with | ox pl m def med |
9 (d) [0:36] and we sow it [then]. Next to it we sow beets, potatoes, beans,
| and | acc f 3sg clt | sow 1pl pres I | by | acc f 3sg | sow 1pl pres I | and | beets pl m | potato pl m | beans sg m |
10 (d) [0:41] [according to] the way we organize our village economy. We sow rye in the autumn:
| what sg n rel med | form 1pl pres I | village sg n adj | economy sg n | rye sg m def med | acc m 3sg clt | sow 1pl pres I | in | towards.winter sg n adj | time sg n |
11 (d) [0:48] in our region [that’s] one month before St. George’s Day. And - and we carry on
| like med | our sg n def med adj | one sg m adj | month sg m | to | St.George's.day sg m | and | and | and | acc m 3sg clt | continue 3sg pres I |
12 (d) [0:53] with this work. That’s what we occupied ourselves with. After that
| disc | this sg f med adj | work sg f | with | that sg n dist adj | 1pl pres aux clt | occupy pl L.part I | nom 1pl | and | after adv |
13 (d) [1:00] we thresh, and plow, and thresh – We thresh the rye with hinnies,
| thresh 1pl pres I | plow 1pl pres I | and | thresh 1pl pres I | acc sg n 3sg | [...] | this sg n med adj | rye sg m def med | acc m 3sg clt | thresh 1pl pres I | with | hinny pl m |
14 (d) [1:08] that's how it went in the old times. We use the straw to feed the livestock
| like med | old.time adv | thus med adv | walk 3sg impf I | straw sg f def med | utilize 1pl pres I | again adv | eat 3pl pres I | livestock sg m def |
15 (d) [1:16] [and] we use it as well. We also do the mowing, and make [food for] the livestock
| and | acc f 3sg | dat refl clt | utilize 1pl pres I | same adv | mow 1pl pres I | make 1pl pres I | livestock sg m def | dat refl clt |
16 (d) [1:23] from the same – from the very natural [resources] of our own [area].
| from | same sg n def med adj | from | same sg f def med adj | nature sg f | from | our sg f def med adj | dat refl clt |
17 (d) [1:28] Nothing comes in from outside. We feed ourselves
| from | outside adv | hes | neg | dat 1pl clt | enter 3sg impf I | only adv | hes | feed 1pl pres I | acc refl clt |
18 (d) [1:31] from within our village. This was the old nature. No other [way].
| from | very sg n def med adj | village sg n | this sg n med adj | 3sg impf cop | old sg f def med adj | nature sg f | other sg n adj | no |
19 (VZh) [How do you plow?]
|
|
20 (d) [1:37] We plow with oxen. For corn, we make a furrow
| plow 1pl pres I | with | ox pl m def med | for | corn sg f def med | make 1pl pres I | acc f 3sg clt | in | furrow sg f |
21 (d) [1:40] and fill it up. We put the grains into it in order, [first the corn] and after that
| and | acc n 3sg clt | pour 1pl pres I | with | grain pl def med | and | put 1pl pres I | in.order adv | and | after | acc f 3sg |
22 (d) [1:45] we put [seeds] for the pumpkins. Then we put fertilizer down
| put 1pl pres I | and | and | for | pumpkin pl f | and | pour 1pl pres I | above adv | fertilizer sg m |
23 (d) [1:51] and tamp it down good. And after we tamp it down it sprouts.
| and | acc m 3sg clt | bury 1pl pres I | and | after adv | this sg n med adj | when conj | acc m 3sg clt | bury 1pl pres P | sprout 3sg pres P |
24 (d) [1:54] [Then] we hoe it again, and then later hoe it a second time.
| hoe 1pl pres P | acc m 3sg clt | again adv | later adv | acc m 3sg clt | hoe 1pl pres P | and | second sg m adj | time sg m |
25 (d) [1:58] And that’s how we do it in our manner.
| and | thus med adv | acc n 3sg clt | do 1pl pres I | our sg n def med adj | dat refl clt |
26 (VZh) [How do you raise grain?]
|
|
27 (d) [2:03] The grain starts out like this: we sow it, it comes up, it ripens,
| grain sg n def med | acc n 3sg clt | begin 1sg pres I | thus med adv | sow 1pl pres P | acc n 3sg clt | emerge 3sg pres P | and | acc n 3sg clt | and | ripen 3sg pres P |
28 (d) [2:07] then we reap it. After that we put it in stacks and pound it
| and | acc n 3sg clt | reap 1pl pres I | after | this sg n med adj | acc n 3sg clt | arrange 1pl pres P | in | stack pl f | and | acc n 3sg clt | pound 1pl pres I |
29 (d) [2:13] and then we thresh it. We do up the rye also, and we make use of the straw
| and | after adv | acc n 3sg clt | thresh 1pl pres I | and | rye sg m def med | finish 1pl pres I | and | acc m 3sg clt | straw sg f def med | utilize 1pl pres I |
30 (d) [2:19] for the cattle; we get in the rye and feed [them],
| for | livestock sg m def | rye sg m def med | acc m 3sg clt | drive 1pl pres I | and | acc 3pl clt | feed 1pl pres I |
31 (d) [2:22] then we grind it and it becomes flour for fodder for them.
| again adv | acc m 3sg clt | grind 1pl pres I | and | become 3sg pres P | flour sg n | for | forage sg m | and | for | acc m 3sg |
32 (d) [2:25] And people would even eat it too.
| and | even adv | acc n 3sg clt | eat 3pl impf I | and | people pl def med |
33 (VZh) [How do you make the threshing floor?]
|
|
34 (d) [2:28] The – the threshing floor is made of earth like in a meadow [that is, like]
| [...] | threshing.floor sg m def | 3sg pres cop clt | create sg m P.part P | from | earth sg f def med | like med | to | [...] |
35 (d) [2:32] in an open field, an open field without stones. We sweep it, put down the rye,
| to | clearing sg f def med | not | with | stone pl | disc | clearing sg f | and | acc n 3sg clt | sweep 1pl pres P | put 1pl pres P | rye sg m def med |
36 (d) [2:39] thresh it, then take away the straw and – sweep it
| thresh 1pl pres I | acc m 3sg clt | after.that adv | drive.off 1pl pres P | straw sg f def med | and | acc m 3sg clt | and | acc m 3sg clt | sweep 1pl pres I |
37 (d) [2:42] and winnow it, and gather it up in sacks in – in our own manner.
| and | acc n 3sg clt | winnow 1pl pres I | and | acc n 3sg clt | gather 1pl pres I | in | sack pl m def med | by | by | our.way adv |
38 (VZh) [What did you thresh with?]
|
|
39 (d) [2:51] We threshed with hinnies and horses. There were even people
| with | hinny pl m | and | with | horse pl m | acc n 3sg clt | thresh 1pl pres I | even adv | impf exist | people pl |
40 (d) [2:55] who threshed with oxen. Where there were no hinnies,
| and | acc n 3sg clt | thresh 3pl impf I | and | with | with | ox m pl | where rel med | neg exist | hinny sg m |
41 (d) [3:00] oxen did the threshing. Those who were poorer threshed with donkeys.
| and | ox m pl | acc refl clt | thresh pl L.part I | rel med | 3sg pres cop clt | more | poor sg m adj | with | donkey sg n | acc n 3sg clt | thresh 3sg pres I |
42 (d) [3:06] That goes more slowly. [The weight] is not as heavy and the threshing goes more slowly.
| more | slowly adv | become 3sg pres I | more | light sg n adj | 3sg pres cop clt | more | slowly adv | thresh 3sg pres I |
43 (VZh) [Did the men travel somewhere to work?]
|
|
44 (d) [3:12] They would go from here to Komotini, they would take boards from the mountains
| from.here adv | 3pl pres aux clt | go pl L.part I | for | Gyumyurdzhina sg f place | and | 3pl pres aux clt | drive pl L.part I | board pl f | from | mountain sg f def med |
45 (d) [3:16] they’d take pine boards to Komotini, and for that
| rel med | pine pl adj | board pl f | 3pl pres aux clt | drive pl L.part I | to | Gyumyurdzhina sg f place | and | with | acc 3pl |
46 (d) [3:19] would charge portage. They’d load up there again for here
| 3pl pres aux clt | take pl L.part I | rent sg f | from | there adv | 3pl pres aux clt | again adv | load pl L.part I | towards | here adv |
47 (d) [3:21] on the way back, charging portage as well, and they made a living with that,
| again adv | 3pl pres aux clt | return sg n def med adj | return pl L.part I | rent sg f | and | 3pl pres aux clt | live pl L.part I | with | this sg n med adj |
48 (d) [3:25] with that kind [of work]. We called it “carting trade” in the old manner.
| with | this sg m med adj | sort sg m | transport sg m | acc m 3sg clt | say 1pl pres I | nom 1pl | in.old.way adv |
49 (VZh) So what would they carry to there?
| mean 3sg pres I | to.there adv | what sg n interr | 3pl pres aux clt | drive pl L.part I |
50 (d) [3:30] Boards. And then they would bring other things back this direction.
| board pl f | and | to.here adv | 3pl pres aux clt | drive pl L.part I | again adv | other sg m adj | material sg m |
51 (VZh) [When do you sow lentils?]
|
|
52 (d) [3:36] They sow lentils like I told you, in the spring.
| lentils sg f def med | sow 3pl pres I | in | again adv | same adv | how rel med | say 1sg aor P | in | spring sg n adj | time sg n |
53 (d) [3:40] They sow them at the same time as rye: you dig, then you sow.
| and | acc f 3sg clt | sow 3pl pres I | how rel med | and | rye sg m def med | and | acc refl clt | dig 3sg pres I | and | acc refl clt | sow 3sg pres I |
54 (d) [3:44] After that you weed them and then pick them: you don’t reap them.
| after adv | this sg n med adj | nom f 3sg | acc refl clt | weed 3sg pres I | and | acc refl clt | pluck 3sg pres I | nom f 3sg | acc refl clt | neg | reap 3sg pres I |
55 (d) [3:49] You pick them and put them in piles and then pound them
| nom 3sg pres | acc refl clt | pluck 3sg pres I | and | acc refl clt | arrange 3sg pres I | in | pile pl f | and | after.that adv | acc refl clt | pound 3sg pres I |
56 (d) [3:53] and they become lentils – the remaining [pounded] grain which we can use.
| and | happen 3sg pres I | to | lentils sg f | and | remain 3sg pres I | this sg n med adj | grain sg n def med | acc refl clt | utilize 3sg pres I | interr |
57 (VZh) [How does wheat differ from rye?]
|
|
58 (d) [3:59] “Rye” is larger and wheat is smaller.
| grain sg n def med | 3sg pres cop clt | more | coarse sg n adj | and | wheat sg f def med | 3sg pres cop clt | more | fine sg f adj |
59 (d) [4:04] And there’s another kind – we call it “arpa” [barley] –
| and | and | other sg n adj | rel med | barley sg f | acc n 3sg clt | nom 1pl | call 1pl pres I |
60 (d) [4:09] that they sow for the hinnies; it is even smaller still.
| for | hinny pl m def med | sow 3pl pres I | nom f 3sg | 3sg pres cop clt | more | fine sg f adj |
61 (VZh) [When do you gather in barley?]
|
|
62 (d) [4:13] Barley – “arpa” – comes about more quickly than rye.
| barley sg m def | barley sg f def med | [...] | barley sg f def med | become 3sg pres I | more | fast adv | from | from | rye sg m def med |
63 (d) [4:16] It is – it ripens more quickly. We make use of it for the livestock:
| nom f 3sg | 3sg pres cop clt | more | fast adv | ripen 3sg pres I | and | for | livestock sg m def | acc f 3sg clt | utilize 1pl pres I | nom 1pl |
64 (d) [4:20] we feed the hinnies with it. They don’t grind it for human food,
| for | hinny pl m def med | for | feed vbl.n I | neg | acc f 3sg clt | grind 3pl pres I | for | food sg f | for | people pl def med |
65 (d) [4:24] whereas we do grind rye for humans: we grind it for [our] food.
| but | for | again adv | rye sg m def med | acc m 3sg clt | grind 1pl pres I | for | people pl def med | for | eat vbl.n I | acc m 3sg clt | grind 1pl pres I |
66 (d) [4:28] And they make heating packs from it, from barley. When someone gets a cold
| there adv | heating.pack pl f | make 3pl pres I | from | acc m 3sg | from | barley sg f def med | when rel | cool 3sg pres P | person sg m | and | [...] |
67 (d) [4:34] they make heating packs, [also] for the livestock. Even for animals we made
| make 3pl pres I | heating.pack pl f | for | livestock sg m | independently adv | to | livestock sg m | 1pl pres aux clt | make pl L.part I |
68 (d) [4:37] such heating packs. You steam up the barley and put it on [someone’s] back,
| such pl med adj | heating.pack pl f | barley sg f | steam 2sg pres P | and | to | back sg m def | dat m 3sg clt | put 2sg pres P |
69 (d) [4:40] also if a child takes cold. For a child we put it
| when rel | cool 3sg pres P | and | child sg n | and | same adv | 3sg pres cop clt | to | child sg n | dat n 3sg clt | put 1pl pres P |
70 (d) [4:44] on his chest. We use barley for the livestock as well. And that’s barley.
| to | chest pl.t def med | and | for | livestock sg m | even adv | utilize 1pl pres I | barley sg f def med | and | that sg n dist adj | 3sg pres cop clt | barley sg f def med |
71 (VZh) [How do you look after sheep?]
|
|
72 (d) [4:50] We have one [main] activity with sheep: we breed them in autumn. Then
| sheep pl f def med | have 1pl pres I | one f adj | activity sg f | breed 1pl impf I | acc 3pl clt | towards.winter sg n adj | time sg n | and | after.that adv |
73 (d) [4:58] in the spring, when the first days of May come, the lambs are born.
| disc | spring sg n adj | time sg n | when conj | come 3sg pres P | first pl adj | May sg n adj | time sg n | acc refl clt | bear 3pl pres I | lamb pl m def med |
74 (d) [5:04] And then – it’s looking after the lambs.
| and | acc refl clt | and | then med adv | and | look vbl.n I | lamb pl m def med |
75 (d) [5:09] Lambs are born only once [a year] in our region.
| only adv | one sg m adj | time m | acc refl clt | in | our sg n def adj | bear 3pl impf I | lamb pl m def med |
76 (d) [5:12] During the summer we only milk the sheep and take them to pasture;
| during | summer sg n def med | only adv | milk 1pl pres I | acc 3pl clt | sheep pl f def med | and | drive 1pl pres I | acc 3pl clt | to | pasture sg f |
77 (d) [5:17] we process dairy products. And that’s what our activity was like in the old times.
| dairy.farm pl f | make 1pl pres I | disc | thus med adv | 3sg impf cop | old sg f def med adj | activity sg f |
78 (VZh) [How do you shear them?]
|
|
79 (d) [5:24] For shearing: we did the shearing. As for the wool we sheared,
| shear def vbl.n I med | 3sg pres cop clt | shear 1pl impf I | dat refl clt | nom 1pl | and | shear 1pl pres I | acc 3pl clt | wool sg f def med | dat refl clt |
80 (d) [5:29] we didn’t card it, nor did we take it to carders. We used the old-time carders
| neg | acc f 3sg clt | card 1pl pres I | even adv | neg | carry 1pl pres I | to | carder sg m | with | old.time pl adj | carder pl m |
81 (d) [5:33] to card it and [the women] spin it and we make clothes from it.
| and | card 1pl pres I | and | spin 3pl pres I | acc f 3sg clt | and | make 1pl pres I | clothing pl f | from | acc 3pl |
82 (d) [5:37] We sew baggy trousers in the old fashion, and we make thick homespun for sewing
| sew 1pl pres I | in.old.way adv | baggy.trousers pl.t | homespun pl f | make 1pl pres I | rel med | sew 1pl pres I |
83 (d) [5:42] wool coats from [it]. We make everything ourselves,
| woolen pl adj | coat pl n | from | alone pl adj | dat refl clt | acc n 3sg clt | make 1pl pres I | nom 1pl | everything sg n adj |
84 (d) [5:46] we do all the weaving ourselves, on the [old] looms.
| from | loom pl m | dat refl clt | acc 3pl clt | weave 1pl pres I | nom 1pl |
85 (d) [5:48] Everything was done on local grounds.
| everything sg n def med adj | acc refl clt | make 3sg impf I | at | local sg f adj | tile sg f |
86 (VZh) [Did you practice some sort of custom before starting to build a house?]
|
|
87 (d) [5:52] Before you start to build a house, you’ll perform [this] custom:
| before | comp | begin 2sg pres P | house sg f | comp | build 2sg pres I | fut | do 2sg pres I | custom sg m |
88 (d) [5:56] you’ll slaughter a yearling lamb on a corner. That’s the old custom.
| fut | slaughter 2sg pres P | one sg n adj | yearling sg n | to | one sg f def med adj | corner sg f | and | this sg n med adj | 3sg pres cop clt | old sg m adj | custom sg m |
89 (d) [6:02] And then you start building. You feed the builders and distribute
| and | begin 2sg pres I | comp | build 2sg pres I | craftman pl m def med | fut | acc 3pl clt | feed 2sg pres I | there adv | fut | distribute 2sg pres P |
90 (d) [6:05] [meat from the sacrifice] among the neighbors. That’s an old custom for building a house.
| little adv | through | neighbor pl m def med | and | this sg n med adj | 3sg pres cop clt | old sg m adj | custom sg m | about | house sg f | build vbl.n I |
91 (d) [6:09] Then the construction begins. The house was built not with lime
| and | begin 3sg pres I | build def vbl.n I med | build def vbl.n I med | acc refl clt | build 3sg impf I | not | with | lime sg m |
92 (d) [6:13] but with local earth, or as we call it, mud – with that very mud
| but | with | own sg f adj | earth sg f | rel med | acc n 3sg clt | call 1pl pres I | mud sg m | and | with | same sg m def adj | mud sg m |
93 (d) [6:20] we built houses in the old days. And that worked. There wasn’t stone [here].
| build 1pl impf I | house pl f def med | by | old sg n adj | time sg n | and | this sg n med adj | walk 3sg impf I | and | stone pl m | acc refl clt | exist impf neg |
94 (d) [6:25] We would bring in stone from far away: we brought the stone with hinnies,
| and | drive 1pl impf I | from.far adv | stone pl m | with | hinny pl m | 1pl pres aux clt | drive pl L.part I | stone pl m |
95 (d) [6:28] or whatever [was available]. And that’s how we did building earlier on.
| with | what sg n interr | neg | will 2sg pres | and | thus med adv | acc refl clt | 3sg pres aux clt | build sg n L.part I | more | before adv |
96 (d) [6:31] There weren’t highways, there weren’t carts. That’s how it was.
| exist impf neg | highway pl n | exist impf neg | cart pl f | and | this sg n med adj | 3sg impf cop |
97 (VZh) [What kinds of trees grew in the woods?]
|
|
98 (d) [6:37] Oak trees. Oaks used to grow there. We call them beech trees,
| oak pl adj | tree pl n | grow 3pl impf I | oak pl m | nom 1pl | say 1pl pres I | beech pl m |
99 (d) [6:41] oak trees (“mesh”). More correctly, oak (“dund”), or – said in the old manner – oak (“dub”).
| and | oak pl m | oak pl m | more | correct sg n def med adj | in.old.way adv | oak coll |
100 (d) [6:44] We built houses from it, from oak, [since] the wood is stronger,
| from | acc m 3sg | build 1pl impf I | house pl f def med | from | oak pl m def med | 3sg pres cop clt | more | strong sg n adj | wood sg n |
101 (d) [6:48] and there wasn’t any other. The beech is a smaller tree.
| and | exist impf neg | other sg n adj | beech sg n def adj | 3sg pres cop clt | more | little sg n adj |
102 (d) [6:52] And we sustained sheep with oak trees also: we’d lay away the pruned leaves.
| and | with | oak sg n def med adj | tree sg n | look 1pl impf I | sheep pl f def med | prune 1pl impf I | leaf pl m | arrange 1pl impf I | acc m 3sg clt | [...] |
103 (d) [6:58] In the summer, when autumn is approaching, we put down leaf piles
| summer sg n adj | time sg n | when rel | approach 3sg pres P | to | autumn sg f def med | arrange 1pl impf I | acc m 3sg clt | disc | leaf.pile pl m |
104 (d) [7:02] and bring them in. We feed the livestock from oak trees.
| and | acc n 3sg clt | drive 1pl pres I | feed 1pl pres I | livestock sg m | from | oak sg n def med adj | tree sg n |
105 (d) [7:05] That was the most effective food for us – oak trees.
| nom n 3sg | 3sg impf cop | most | strong sg f def med adj | food sg f | for | acc 1pl | oak sg n def med adj | tree sg n |
106 (VZh) [Did the village have its local celebration?]
|
|
107 (d) [7:09] We have our [local] celebration on Bayram. When Bayram comes
| celebration sg m | make 1pl pres I | celebration sg m | Bayram sg m | when rel | come 3sg pres P | Bayram sg m |
108 (d) [7:13] we have Bayram celebrations in the old manner. We make big – we gather there,
| make 1pl pres P | in.old.way adv | Bayram pl m | celebration pl m | [ … ] | make 1pl pres I | big pl adj | gather 1pl pres I | acc refl clt | there adv |
109 (d) [7:19] we eat, there’s drinking – The women are inside and men outside, separately.
| eat 1pl pres I | drink 1pl pres I | woman pl f def med | inside adv | man pl m def med | outside adv | by | separately adv |
110 (d) [7:25] That’s what our celebration was like. After socialism came (on 9.IX.1944) we began to have
| disc | thus med adv | 3sg impf cop | celebration sg m def | our sg m adj | after | ninth sg m adj | begin 1pl aor P |
111 (d) [7:28] a general celebration, with everyone (men and women) together. And that’s how it was.
| general sg m adj | celebration sg m | which sg m rel med adj | 3sg impf cop | together adv | all pl adj | and | celebration sg m def | 3sg impf cop | thus med adv |
112 (d) [7:35] We got together in the village – perhaps a thousand people gathered from all [villages]
| in | village sg n def med | 1pl pres aux clt | gather pl L.part I | can pres imprs | and | thousand sg f | people pl | 3pl pres aux clt | acc refl clt | gather pl L.part I | from | all pl def med adj |
113 (d) [7:40] – [our] regional council was [a] big [one]. We celebrated in the baths.
| council sg m def | 3sg impf cop | big sg m adj | celebrate 1pl pres I | here adv | in | bath pl f def med |
114 (d) [7:47] There was water there that we took advantage of, in the baths. So everyone went off there
| there adv | pres exist | water sg f | which sg n rel med adj | utilize 1pl pres I | bath pl f def med | and | escape 1pl pres I | everything sg n def med adj | there adv |
115 (d) [7:50] and a lot of people gathered there and it was a big celebration.
| and | there adv | disc | with | much adv | people pl | acc refl clt | gather 3pl impf I | and | big sg m adj | celebration sg m | impf exist |
116 (d) [7:54] Now it’s a shepherd’s holiday, St. George’s Day, where it used to be [the actual] saint’s day.
| now adv | 3sg pres cop clt | shepherd sg m adj | holiday sg m | on | St.George's.day sg m | but | more | before adv | 3sg impf cop | St.George's.day sg m |
117 (d) [7:58] We used it as – as a holiday, and went off to the baths.
| and | acc m 3sg clt | utilize 1pl impf I | like med | for | for | holiday sg m | and | escape 1pl impf I | to | bath sg f def med |
118 (d) [8:02] Whoever washed there would be healed of whatever ailed him – if someone had wounds
| who sg m rel med adj | acc refl clt | wash 3sg pres P | there adv | dat m 3sg clt | pass 3sg impf I | something sg n | if conj | have 3sg pres I | wound pl f |
119 (d) [8:07] they made use of that water. We made a great “Adreles” holiday there.
| water sg f def | utilize 3pl impf I | and | make 1pl impf I | big sg m adj | St.George's.day sg m | there adv |
120 (d) [8:10] “Adreles” [is what] we call it (St. George’s Day).
| St.George's.day sg m | acc m 3sg clt | say 1pl pres I |
121 (VZh) [And how did they put on weddings?]
|
|
122 (d) [8:12] We make wedding with – in the old days it was on mules. You travel to the wedding,
| wedding pl f def med | acc 3pl clt | make 1pl pres I | with | one sg n adj | time sg n | with | mule pl n | go 2sg pres P | to | wedding sg f |
123 (d) [8:19] from one village to the other, everyone riding on hinnies.
| from | from | one sg n adj | village sg n | to | other sg n adj | everything sg n adj | with | hinny pl m |
124 (d) [8:21] The bride mounts onto a mu– onto a hinny, and the wedding guests,
| and | bride sg f def med | acc refl clt | mount 3sg pres P | to | [...] | to | hinny sg m def | go 3pl pres P | wedding.guest pl m |
125 (d) [8:26] three or four of them, also mount up on hinnies.
| three | four | people pl | to | hinny pl m | again adv | acc refl clt | mount 3pl pres P |
126 (d) [8:27] You go and get the bride, they all come back, and that was the old way [of doing it].
| go 2sg pres P | take 2sg pres P | bride sg f | acc refl clt | return 3pl pres P | back def med adv | this sg n med adj | 3sg impf cop | old sg f def med adj | dat refl clt | thing sg f |
127 (d) [8:32] Everything went on hinnies. The dowry was carried
| again adv | with | hinny pl m | acc refl clt | walk 3sg impf I | everything sg n def med adj | dowry sg f def med | acc refl clt | drive 3sg pres I |
128 (d) [8:36] on hinnies, people rode on mules, or on donkeys, whatever anyone had –
| to | hinny pl m def med | people pl def med | ride 3pl pres I | to | mule pl n | to | donkey pl n | who sg m inter.rel | what sg n rel med | can 3sg pres I |
129 (d) [8:40] and they even went on foot. That’s how it was.
| and | even adv | and | on.foot adv | walk 3pl impf I | that sg n dist adj | 3sg pres cop clt |
130 (VZh) [When did they get the bride?]
|
|
131 (d) [8:46] When they go to get the bride there’s a [custom of] “meeting”,
| when rel | acc refl clt | take 3sg pres I | bride sg f def med | pres exist | one sg n adj | meet vbl.n I |
132 (d) [8:49] when they take out the dowry, and everyone takes a piece of it
| when rel | acc refl clt | take 3sg pres I | dowry sg f def med | and | each sg m | grasp 3sg pres P | by | one sg n adj | piece n |
133 (d) [8:53] and asks you to give him a lev or two [in return]. Some [give] five levs,
| seek 3sg pres I | by | some sg m adj | lev sg m | comp | dat m 3sg clt | give 2sg pres P | who sg m inter.rel | five | lev ct m |
134 (d) [8:55] some ten levs, some two levs. [They give levs also] to children and old people –
| who sg m inter.rel | ten | lev ct m | who sg m inter.rel | two | lev ct m | to | child pl n | to | old pl adj |
135 (d) [8:58] those who toss out the dowry from inside. That’s called “the purchasing”.
| who sg m rel med adj | throw.out 3sg pres P | dowry sg f def med | from.inside adv | that sg n med adj | 3sg pres cop clt | buy def vbl.n I |
136 (VZh) And that’s that.
| this sg n med adj | 3sg pres cop clt |