Iskrica 3

Iskrica3.latest.mp3

1 (KK) Tell me about your life, from childhood onwards.

raskažì

tell sg imv P

dat 1sg clt

about

life sg m def

dat refl clt

from

childhood sg n

2 (c) [0:03] From childhood – what to tell you? We were many brothers,

disc

from

childhood sg n

what sg n interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

tell 1sg pres I

nom 1pl

1pl impf cop

many adv

brother pl m

3 (c) [0:05] five brothers and two sisters: seven “chunks”. I was the youngest.

five

brother pl m

and

two f

sister f pl

seven

piece pl n

nom 1sg

1sg pres cop clt

most

little sg m def adj

4 (c) [0:11] As it turned out, I’m alone [now]; all of them had already departed this world.

and

how rel

become 3sg aor P

alone sg m adj

already adv

all pl def adj

dat refl clt

go 3pl aor P

from

this sg n adj

world sg m

5 (c) [0:17] I went to school, and really wanted to learn. But back then it was like this:

go 1sg impf I

school sg n def

learn 3sg impf I

dat 1sg clt

acc refl clt

much adv

then adv

3sg impf cop

thus adv

6 (c) [0:22] one brother does the plowing, another did other jobs, and yet another

one sg m adj

brother sg m

plow 3sg pres I

other sg m adj

and

other pl adj

work pl f

do 3sg pres I

and

other sg m adj

and

7 (c) [0:28] pastured the sheep. And when I got back from school it was my turn

pasture 3sg pres I

sheep pl f def

and

nom 1sg

when conj

dat refl clt

return 1sg pres P

from

school sg n def

turn sg m

8 (c) [0:35] to go [help] gather up the ewes, the mothers of suckling lambs. That’s how it was then.

go 1pl pres I

comp

gather 1pl pres I

ewe pl f def

mother pl f def

lamb pl n def

comp

suckle 3pl pres I

then adv

thus adv

3sg impf cop

9 (c) [0:42] They didn’t wait till evening for [the ewes] to come, rather it was in the afternoon,

neg

acc 3pl clt

wait 3pl impf I

acc 3pl

evening sg f def

comp

dat refl clt

come 3pl pres P

but

ost

noon sg m

10 (c) [0:46] around two or three o’clock that they must come, so the lambs wouldn’t get too hungry.

two m

three

hour sg m def

must pres I imprs

dat refl clt

come 3pl pres P

lamb pl n def

comp

neg

get.hungry 3pl pres I

огладнея

mnògu

much adv

много

11 (c) [0:50] We collect them, and drive them to the village – just the mothers that are suckling lambs.

collect 1pl pres P

acc 3pl clt

with

bring 1pl pres P

acc 3pl clt

village sg n

only adv

mother pl f def

when conj

suckle 3pl pres I

lamb pl n def

12 (c) [0:55] Then we take them back to the meadow near our village –

and

after adv

acc 3pl clt

remove 1pl pres I

and

there adv

meadow sg f def

village sg n def

dat 1pl clt

[...]

13 (c) [0:59] we live at the edge of the village – and the lambs graze together with their mothers.

end sg m def

live 1pl pres I

village sg n def

take.out 1pl pres P

and

there adv

graze 3pl pres I

lamb pl n def

and

mother pl f def

dat 3pl clt

14 (c) [1:05] They graze until it gets dark, and when the others come we [all] go home.

graze 3pl pres I

until conj

acc refl clt

get.dark 3sg pres P

and

when conj

come 3pl pres P

other pl def adj

and

acc refl clt

gather 1pl pres

15 (c) [1:09] That was one thing I did, working as a shepherd. So later when I finished –

this sg n adj

3sg impf cop

one sg f def adj

work sg f

shepherd.trade sg m def

later adv

when conj

and

finish 1sg aor P

16 (c) [1:13] I finished seventh grade, and there was nowhere to go, nothing to do,

nom 1sg

finish 1sg aor P

seventh sg m adj

grade sg m

pres neg exist

where interr

comp

go 1sg pres P

what sg n interr

comp

do 1sg pres I

17 (c) [1:18] nobody to support me to study anything further.

which sg m interr

fut

acc 1sg clt

support 3sg pres P

comp

go 1sg pres P

comp

study 1sg pres I

something sg n

and

18 (c) [1:21] And I was really keen on sheep. I liked animals a lot, in fact.

and

1sg impf cop

eager.one sg m

very adv

for

sheep pl f def

but

much adv

acc 3pl clt

love 1sg impf I

animal pl n def

adrs

19 (c) [1:29] I liked not only sheep but all animals, a lot. And I began

not

only adv

sheep pl f def

all pl adj

animal pl n

acc 3pl clt

love 1sg impf I

much adv

and

begin 1sg aor P

20 (c) [1:29] to pasture sheep. I pastured ours, and the neighbor’s, and those of some others.

comp

pasture 1sg pres I

sheep pl f

pasture 1sg impf I

our pl def adj

and

neighbor pl m def

there adv

some pl adj

other pl adj

21 (c) [1:37] Not just ours then. So we pastured them.

comp

comp

neg

3pl pres cop clt

only adv

with

our pl def adj

adrs

and

[...]

pəs’àhme

pasture 1pl impf I

паса

acc 3pl clt

те

22 (c) [1:44] What can I tell you – later they made for me, up in the fields, this –

what sg n interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

tell 1sg pres I

after adv

field sg m def

dat 1sg clt

make 3pl aor P

there adv

ost

such sg n adj

23 (c) [1:53] “saya” (sheepfold), as we call it. A “kushara” (sheepfold), yes – a “kushara”.

sheepfold sg f

rel

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

nom 1pl

sheepfold sg f

disc

thus adv

sheepfold sg f

24 (c) [1:56] And in the spring, when the weather turns to spring, you’re up at the sheepfold,

and

there adv

spring sg n adj

time sg n

when conj

acc refl clt

turn.spring 3sg pres P

this sg n adj

time sg n

2sg pres cop clt

there adv

sheepfold sg f def

25 (c) [2:02] and pasture the sheep there. They bring me up bread to eat.

there adv

acc 3pl clt

pasture 1pl pres I

sheep pl f def

there adv

dat 1sg clt

carry 3pl pres I

bread sg m

comp

eat 1sg pres I

26 (c) [2:06] [I’m] not in the village at all, only when I go to change clothes or such,

village sg n

pres neg exist

village sg n

when inter.rel

acc refl clt

change.clothes 1sg pres I

преобличам

n’àkvu

some.kind sg n adj

някакъв

27 (c) [2:08] or when there’s some occasion such as Easter or St. George’s Day.

and

if conj

pres exist

some.kind sg n adj

such sg n adj

comp

say 1pl pres P

Easter sg m

St.George's.day sg m

28 (c) [2:12] Then one of my older brothers would come – they were all married,

when conj

come 3sg pres P

some sg m adj

brother sg m

big pl def adj

3pl impf cop

all adv

marry pl P.part I

29 (c) [2:14] I was the youngest and was unmarried – to take my place

nom 1sg

1sg pres cop clt

most

little sg m def adj

neg

1sg impf cop

marry sg m P.part I

adrs

and

comp

acc 1sg clt

replace 3pl pres P

30 (c) [2:19] so I could go down to the village to feast my eyes on the girls! [laughter]

and

comp

comp

go 1sg pres P

and

nom 1sg

comp

go.out 1sg pres P

there adv

comp

look 1sg pres I

girl pl f def

31 (KK) [How do you look after sheep?]

[ ... ]

32 (c) [2:24] In the old days we kept them separate from the rams. The rams were kept apart

sheep pl f def

one sg n adj

time sg n

acc 3pl clt

keep 1pl impf I

without

ram pl m def

acc 3pl clt

separate 1pl impf I

separate pl P.part P

ram pl m def

33 (c) [2:29] until St. Petko’s Day. St. Petko’s Day is on October 27th.

St. Petko's day sg m

St. Petko's day sg m

happen 3sg pres I

twenty

and

seventh sg m adj

October m

34 (c) [2:34] Then we allow the sheep to breed so they will get pregnant,

then adv

acc 3pl clt

release 1pl pres I

sheep pl f def

comp

acc refl clt

breed 3pl pres I

sheep pl f def

already adv

comp

acc refl clt

conceive 3pl pres P

35 (c) [3:38] so they will lamb on the twenty-second of February – that is, of March.

because conj

comp

acc refl clt

lamb 3pl pres P

twenty

and

second sg m adj

February sg m

this sg n adj

March sg m

36 (c) [2:42] When it’s warm. Earlier than that [it’s] cold, and the lambs can’t grow –

when inter.rel

acc refl clt

get.warm 3sg pres P

early adv

cold adv

lamb pl n def

neg

can 3pl pres I

comp

grow 3pl pres I

37 (c) [2:48] you need good conditions. So I breed them. After the sheep are impregnated,

want 3sg pres I

condition pl n

and

then adv

acc 3pl clt

release 1sg pres P

and

when conj

acc refl clt

conceive 3pl pres P

sheep pl f def

already adv

38 (c) [2:57] [they carry it] throughout the winter, and then begin to lamb on March 22nd.

during

winter sg f def

nom 3pl

begin 3pl pres I

comp

acc refl clt

lamb 3pl pres I

then adv

twenty

and

second sg m adj

March sg m

39 (c) [3:01] They begin to lamb, and we’re up at the sheepfold. We take them there

begin 3pl pres I

comp

acc refl clt

lamb 3pl pres I

again adv

1pl pres cop clt

sheepfold sg f def

acc 3pl clt

remove 1pl pres I

there adv

40 (c) [3:06] and pasture the sheep and lambs. They bring us bread there and take [stuff] back.

and

pasture 1pl pres I

acc 3pl clt

there adv

lamb pl n def

sheep pl f def

carry 3pl pres I

dat 1pl clt

bread sg m

there adv

gather 3pl pres I

41 (c) [3:14] On Christmas and St. George’s Day we slaughter lambs, that was the rule then

Christmas sg f

St.George's.day sg m

must pres I imprs

comp

slaughter 1pl pres P

lamb sg n

this sg n adj

3sg impf cop

law sg m

then adv

42 (c) [3:18] for villagers. The best lamb would be for St. George’s day. They’d come up:

for

villager pl m def

adrs

most

nice sg n def adj

lamb sg n

with

St.George's.day sg m

fut

come 3pl pres P

43 (c) [3:23] my older brothers would get [the lamb]. They then take it [down],

fut

acc n 3sg clt

take 3pl pres P

there adv

brother pl m def

dat 1sg clt

big pl def adj

and

drive 3pl pres I

44 (c) [3:28] they slaughter it and prepare it. People roasted lambs whole in the outdoor oven –

slaughter 3pl pres P

acc n 3sg clt

make 3pl pres I

acc n 3sg clt

whole sg n adj

acc n 3sg clt

roast 3pl impf I

outdoor.oven pl f

45 (c) [3:31] there were these village ovens that several neighbors would share –

impf exist

village pl adj

outdoor.oven pl f

such pl adj

there adv

for

several adv

neighbor pl m

acc refl clt

gather 3pl pres P

46 (c) [3:37] and they stuff the lamb after they skinned it, only removing the entrails.

and

acc n 3sg clt

fill 3pl pres P

lamb sg n def

when conj

acc n 3sg clt

skin 3pl pres P

only adv

dat n 3sg clt

extract 3pl pres P

entrails pl f def

from.inside adv

47 (c) [3:42] They fill the other [parts] with rice and different things,

other sg n def

acc n 3sg clt

fill 3pl impf I

there adv

with

rice sg m

with

most

different pl adj

thing pl f

there adv

48 (c) [3:46] with leeks, or whatever they had, to put in there.

with

leeks pl n

interr clt

with

what sg n rel

want 3sg pres I

comp

3sg pres cop clt

and

acc n 3sg clt

то

slàgət

put 3pl pres I

слагам

49 (c) [3:49] Then they sew it up again, and put it in the oven to roast.

sew 3pl pres P

acc n 3sg clt

again adv

and

acc n 3sg clt

put 3pl impf I

oven sg f def

comp

acc refl clt

roast 3sg pres P

50 (c) [3:53] On St. George’s Day we’d gather, the entire village, on the village square.

and

St.George's.day sg m

entire sg n def adj

village sg n

acc refl clt

gather 1pl impf I

square sg m

51 (c) [4:03] There’s a big square where the entire village gathers. They bring in the lambs –

pres exist

one sg m adj

big sg m adj

square sg m

entire sg n def adj

village sg n

there adv

acc refl clt

gather 3pl pres I

carry 3pl pres I

lamb pl n def

52 (c) [4:03] they bring the entire lamb roasts there, and the priest comes by to bless them.

entire pl def adj

lamb pl n

acc 3pl clt

carry 3pl pres I

there adv

and

priest sg m def

pass 3sg pres P

and

acc 3pl clt

те

up’àvə

bless 3sg pres I

опея

53 (c) [4:08] He blesses them one after another, sprinkles them [with holy water] and blesses them,

in.order adv

all pl adj

acc 3pl clt

bless 3sg pres I

sprinkle 3sg pres I

acc 3pl clt

there adv

and

acc 3pl clt

те

up’àvə

bless 3sg pres I

опея

54 (c) [4:12] and everyone gives a piece [of his lamb] to the priest.

and

all pl def adj

dat m 3sg clt

give 3pl pres I

one sg n adj

piece sg n

priest sg m def

55 (c) [4:16] So when the priest comes and blesses the lambs

disc

when conj

pass 3sg pres P

priest sg m def

bless 3sg pres P

[...]

lamb pl n def

56 (c) [4:19] each one gives a piece to the priest,

give 3pl pres P

dat m 3sg clt

one sg n adj

piece sg n

all pl adj

priest sg m def

57 (c) [4:23] then all the others start to eat, and the revelry begins.

and

other pl def adj

begin 3pl pres P

eat 3pl pres P

there adv

all pl def adj

and

begin 3pl pres I

already adv

revelry pl f def

58 (c) [4:29] Musicians play, people dance the round dance. There wasn’t today’s dancing,

music sg f

pres exist

play 3pl pres I

dance 3pl pres I

round.dance pl n

then adv

dance vbl.n I

impf neg exist

what sg n rel

now adv

59 (c) [4:35] these fancy dance things they do [now]. Only round dance, rŭchenitsa, line dances.

this pl adj

thing pl f

dance pl n

"mance" pl f

disc

pres neg exist

only adv

round.dance pl n

rŭchenitsa pl f

straight pl adj

round.dance pl n

60 (c) [4:39] That’s how they danced in the old days. Till evening – this revelry

ost

this sg n adj

acc refl clt

play 3sg impf I

time sg n def

evening sg f def

this f adj

revelry sg f

61 (c) [4:43] went on till evening, and then everyone went home, each to his house.

3sg impf cop

evening sg f def

and

evening sg f def

acc refl clt

gather 3pl pres I

people pl def

each sg m adj

at.home adv

dat refl clt

62 (KK) [So what kind of a holiday was St. George’s Day?]

[ ... ]

63 (c) [4:48] Well, when they celebrate St. George’s Day, it’s shepherds –

disc

make 3pl pres I

St.George's.day sg m

3sg impf cop

holiday sg m

[...]

shepherd sg m def

64 (c) [4:52] it’s really the holiday of shepherds, but now they’ve dressed it up as

shepherd sg m def

adrs

rel

acc m 3sg clt

nom m 3sg

now adv

even adv

acc m 3sg clt

drive.out 3pl pres I

65 (c) [4:56] this “holiday of St. George”. People gather together,

and

there adv

saint sg m adj

Georgi sg m name

holiday sg m

but

and

gather 3pl pres I

acc refl clt

there adv

people pl def

66 (c) [5:02] they eat and drink and dance the round dance and rŭchenitsa until evening,

eat 3pl pres I

and

drink 3pl pres I

dance 3pl pres I

round.dance pl n

rŭchenitsa pl f

evening sg f def

and

evening sg f def

already adv

67 (c) [5:08] and when it gets dark everyone goes home because they didn’t have this night life then,

when conj

acc refl clt

get.dark 3sg pres P

everything sg n adj

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

because

then adv

impf neg exist

such pl adj

night pl adj

thing pl f

68 (c) [5:11] [like now] when young people go out all night. There weren’t such things then.

comp

walk 3pl pres I

ost

entire sg f adj

evening sg f

young pl adj

pres neg exist

such sg f adj

thing sg f

69 (c) [5:14] Everybody went home.

everything sg n adj

acc refl clt

gather 3sg pres I

at.home adv

70 (KK) [What do you do when lambs begin to be born?]

[ ... ]

71 (c) [5:16] When the ewes start to lamb, I know for each one of them more or less

nom sg n

when conj

begin 3sg pres P

comp

acc refl clt

lamb 3sg pres I

each sg f adj

sheep sg f

down adv

above adv

dat f 3sg clt

know 1sg pres I

72 (c) [5:20] the date when it was bred, and thus the day it should lamb.

hes

date sg f def

when rel

3sg pres cop clt

breed sg f P.part P

and

[…]

which sg m interr

day sg m

must pres I imprs

acc refl clt

lamb 3sg pres P

73 (c) [5:24] We watch [that one] and when the time comes we help it.

and

acc f 3sg

observe 1pl pres I

and

when conj

come 3sg pres P

time sg n

there adv

[...]

help 1pl pres P

dat f 3sg clt

74 (c) [5:28] When one lambs, we give it the lamb to suckle,

lamb 3sg pres P

acc refl clt

put 1pl pres P

give 1pl pres P

lamb sg n def

comp

dat refl clt

suckle 3sg pres I

75 (c) [5:33] to suckle really good first off. In some cases, though,

most

before adv

comp

suckle 3sg pres P

pretty adv

some pl adj

ost

76 (c) [5:35] the lambs are just born feeble, and they don’t want to suckle on they own,

such pl adj

acc refl clt

lamb 3pl pres I

get.feeble pl P.part P

neg

dat refl clt

neg

want 3pl pres I

comp

suckle 3pl pres I

77 (c) [5:40] and we push these ones to suckle. But if it just won’t suckle for you,

but

nom 1pl

acc 3pl clt

force 1pl pres P

there adv

[...]

if conj

not

suckle 3sg pres I

interr clt

dat 2sg clt

acc refl clt

78 (c) [5:44] we give it milk with a spoon. Just enough for it to get strong,

give 1pl pres P

with

spoon sg f

milk sg n

only adv

and

only adv

comp

acc n 3sg clt

strengthen 1pl pres P

подсиля

79 (c) [5:46] to be able to manage. And when it comes into its own it begins

and

comp

can 3sg pres I

already adv

when conj

acc refl clt

recover 3sg pres P

and

comp

begin 3sg pres P

80 (c) [5:50] to suckle on its own, then it goes along with its mother and suckles.

comp

dat refl clt

suckle 3sg pres I

alone sg n adj

and

dat refl clt

walk 3sg pres I

after

mother sg f def

and

suckle 3sg pres I

dat refl clt

81 (KK) [What do you do when the lambs start to grow?]

[...]

82 (c) [5:55] When the lambs start to grow, we take the sheep up on their own

disc

when conj

grow.up 3pl pres

lamb pl n def

already adv

for

sheep pl f def

acc 3pl clt

remove 1pl pres I

already adv

83 (c) [6:02] to pasture them at night. We separate the lambs from them, and wean them

night sg n adj

time sg n

comp

acc 3pl clt

pasture 1pl pres I

lamb pl n def

acc 3pl clt

separate 1pl pres P

and

acc 3pl clt

те

udbìvəme̝

wean 1pl pres I

отбивам

84 (c) [6:06] so that they stop suckling, and we can begin to milk their mothers.

[...]

comp

neg

suckle 3pl pres I

already adv

begin 1pl pres I

comp

milk 1pl pres I

mother pl f def

dat 3pl clt

85 (c) [6:15] After all, we [need] milk to make cheese to eat, yogurt and fresh milk [to drink].

milk sg n def

interr

make 1pl pres P

cheese sg n

comp

eat 1pl pres I

milk sg n

sour sg n adj

fresh sg n adj

86 (c) [6:15] And back then, we’d take the sheep to pasture them during the night.

and

sheep pl f def

go 1pl impf I

night sg n adj

time sg n

comp

acc 3pl clt

pasture 1pl pres I

then adv

87 (c) [6:19] The sun goes down, and off we go with them.

sun sg n def

set 3sg pres I

nom 1pl

acc 3pl clt

remove 1pl pres I

88 (KK) All night.

entire sg f adj

evening sg f

89 (c) [6:27] All night, up to morning. In the morning when the sun gets strong they must return

entire sg f adj

evening sg f

morning adv

morning adv

heat 3sg pres P

interr clt

sun sg n def

nom 3pl

must pres I imprs

acc refl clt

gather 3pl pres I

90 (c) [6:27] to the sheepfold. We milk them again, and then we lie down to sleep.

sheepfold sg f def

again adv

acc 3pl clt

milk 1pl pres P

and

nom 1pl

lie 1pl pres I

comp

sleep 1pl pres I

91 (c) [6:30] They lie there all day, and then the next evening the same thing

and

nom 3pl

lie 3pl pres I

entire sg m adj

day sg m

and

other sg f def adj

evening sg f

again adv

same sg f def adj

thing sg f

92 (c) [6:33] happens again. That’s how we pastured them then. Not like now,

acc refl clt

repeat 3sg pres I

adrs

thus adv

dat refl clt

acc 3pl clt

pasture 1pl impf I

sheep pl f def

then adv

impf neg exist

when conj

now adv

93 (c) [6:37] when they pasture them during the day. Back then only at night.

during

day sg m def

comp

acc 3pl clt

graze 3pl pres I

then adv

evening sg f

only adv

evening sg f

94 (c) [6:40] If the sun is strong, you don’t pasture the sheep.

bake 3sg pres I

interr clt

sun sg n

sheep sg f

neg

pasture 2sg pres I

95 (KK) What kinds of illnesses did sheep have, and how did you treat them?

what.kind pl adj

illness pl f def

and

[...]

3sg pres aux clt

sg n L.part

sheep pl f def

and

how interr

2pl pres aux clt

acc 3pl clt

cure pl L.part I

96 (c) [6:47] Well, there was this illness called distoma (liver-fluke), and we force-feed them –

disc

this sg n adj

3sg impf cop

illness sg f def

for

this sg n adj

for

distoma sg m def

then adv

and

feed 1pl pres I

97 (c) [6:52] we call it force-feeding [them when] we give them – everyone [did this],

say 1pl pres I

acc n 3sg clt

feed 1pl pres P

acc 3pl clt

give 1pl pres I

dat 3pl clt

and

entire sg f adj

all pl def adj

people pl

98 (c) [6:55] it was the law – we get pills from the veterinarian and give them the pills.

this sg n adj

3sg impf cop

law sg m

take 1pl pres I

dat 3pl clt

pill pl m

from

veterinary pl def adj

ветеринарен

lèkəri

doctor pl m

лекар

and

acc 3pl clt

те

dàvəme

give 1pl pres I

давам

99 (c) [7:02] When we give them these pills, we don’t let them out at night to graze.

when conj

dat 3pl clt

give 1pl pres P

evening sg f def

neg

acc 3pl clt

release 1pl pres I

comp

graze 3pl pres I

100 (c) [7:06] For instance if we give them the pills this morning, this evening we don’t let them out.

for.example adv

today adv

morning sg f def

give 1pl pres P

pill pl m def

evening sg f def

neg

acc 3pl clt

release 1pl pres I

comp

graze 3pl pres I

101 (KK) How did shepherds dress? What was shepherds’ clothing like?

and

with

what sg n interr

2pl pres aux clt

acc refl clt

dress pl L.part I

shepherd sg n adj

dress sg n

what.kind sg n adj

3sg pres cop clt

102 (c) [7:14] Shepherd’s clothing.

shepherd sg n adj

dress sg n

103 (d) [7:16] Baggy trousers.

patùri

baggy.trousers pl.t

потури

104 (c) [7:16] Sandals. Sandals of pigskin, white leg-wrappings, black cords wound about up to here –

sandal pl m

pig pl adj

sandal pl m

white pl adj

leg.wrappings pl.t

black pl adj

cord pl f

wind pl P.part

thus adv

ost

here adv

105 (c) [7:24] we tie them crossed over several times. So black and white cords, leg-wrappings,

and

cross sg m

acc 3pl clt

make 1pl pres I

several adv

time pl m

disc

white pl adj

black pl adj

cord pl f

leg.wrappings pl.t

there adv

106 (c) [7:36] sandals, baggy trousers – we go about with a belt, a large belt around the waist.

sandal pl m

this sg n adj

with

baggy.trousers pl.t

go 1pl impf I

belt sg m

wind sg m P

ost

big sg m adj

belt sg m

around

waist sg m def

107 (c) [7:36] We’re dressed sensibly, because out in the fields you can get caught in the rain,

dress pl P.part P

adv

because conj

field sg m def

can 3sg pres I

acc 2sg clt

grab 3sg pres P

and

rain sg m

108 (c) [7:40] you can get caught in the cold, or anything. We have these big – we called them cloaks.

can 3sg pres I

acc 2sg clt

grab 3sg pres P

and

cold sg n adj

everything sg n adj

and

have 1pl pres I

big pl adj

felt.cloak pl m

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl impf I

109 (c) [7:46] Like hoods, but we call it “yamurluk” (cloak). That’s a Turkish word –

such sg n adj

hood sg f

but

nom 1pl

dat n 3sg clt

call 1pl pres I

hooded.cloak sg m

from

this sg n adj

Turkish sg f adj

word sg f

110 (c) [7:51] it seems that “yamurluk” is [Turkish]. And it covers you up completely,

this sg n adj

hooded.cloak sg m

seem 3sg pres I

ost

nom f 3sg

acc 2sg clt

wrap 3sg pres I

with

acc f 3sg

whole sg n adj

111 (c) [7:55] with the hood on your head, and bound up in front. It keeps you really warm.

with

hood sg f def

head sg f def

front adv

when conj

acc refl clt

wrap 2sg pres P

and

warm 3sg pres I

much adv

112 (c) [8.00] They were made of felt. Back then they fulled the cloth and it got very thick,

nom 3pl

3pl impf cop

full pl P.part P

then adv

acc 3pl clt

full 3pl impf I

and

become 3sg pres I

thick pl m adj

cloth sg m def

113 (c) [8:05] it kept out the rain and kept out the wind.

and

neg

allow 3sg pres I

and

rain sg m

neg

allow 3sg pres I

and

wind sg m

114 (KK) [What kind of sheep did you raise?]

[ ... ]

115 (c) [8:08] There was [just] the local type of sheep then, our Balkan sheep.

local sg f adj

breed sg f

sheep pl f

then adv

dat refl clt

3pl impf cop

Balkan pl adj

sheep pl f

our pl adj

dat refl clt

116 (c) [8:13] They were all with long, sharp wool. That’s their wool.

3pl impf cop

all adv

such pl adj

long sg f adj

wool sg f

sharp sg f adj

wool sg f

and

nom f 3sg

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Participants

KK

c

d

Iskrica 3

1 (KK) Tell me about your life, from childhood onwards.

2 (c) [0:03] From childhood – what to tell you? We were many brothers,

3 (c) [0:05] five brothers and two sisters: seven “chunks”. I was the youngest.

4 (c) [0:11] As it turned out, I’m alone [now]; all of them had already departed this world.

5 (c) [0:17] I went to school, and really wanted to learn. But back then it was like this:

6 (c) [0:22] one brother does the plowing, another did other jobs, and yet another

7 (c) [0:28] pastured the sheep. And when I got back from school it was my turn

8 (c) [0:35] to go [help] gather up the ewes, the mothers of suckling lambs. That’s how it was then.

9 (c) [0:42] They didn’t wait till evening for [the ewes] to come, rather it was in the afternoon,

10 (c) [0:46] around two or three o’clock that they must come, so the lambs wouldn’t get too hungry.

11 (c) [0:50] We collect them, and drive them to the village – just the mothers that are suckling lambs.

12 (c) [0:55] Then we take them back to the meadow near our village –

13 (c) [0:59] we live at the edge of the village – and the lambs graze together with their mothers.

14 (c) [1:05] They graze until it gets dark, and when the others come we [all] go home.

15 (c) [1:09] That was one thing I did, working as a shepherd. So later when I finished –

16 (c) [1:13] I finished seventh grade, and there was nowhere to go, nothing to do,

17 (c) [1:18] nobody to support me to study anything further.

18 (c) [1:21] And I was really keen on sheep. I liked animals a lot, in fact.

19 (c) [1:29] I liked not only sheep but all animals, a lot. And I began

20 (c) [1:29] to pasture sheep. I pastured ours, and the neighbor’s, and those of some others.

21 (c) [1:37] Not just ours then. So we pastured them.

22 (c) [1:44] What can I tell you – later they made for me, up in the fields, this –

23 (c) [1:53] “saya” (sheepfold), as we call it. A “kushara” (sheepfold), yes – a “kushara”.

24 (c) [1:56] And in the spring, when the weather turns to spring, you’re up at the sheepfold,

25 (c) [2:02] and pasture the sheep there. They bring me up bread to eat.

26 (c) [2:06] [I’m] not in the village at all, only when I go to change clothes or such,

27 (c) [2:08] or when there’s some occasion such as Easter or St. George’s Day.

28 (c) [2:12] Then one of my older brothers would come – they were all married,

29 (c) [2:14] I was the youngest and was unmarried – to take my place

30 (c) [2:19] so I could go down to the village to feast my eyes on the girls! [laughter]

31 (KK) [How do you look after sheep?]

32 (c) [2:24] In the old days we kept them separate from the rams. The rams were kept apart

33 (c) [2:29] until St. Petko’s Day. St. Petko’s Day is on October 27th.

34 (c) [2:34] Then we allow the sheep to breed so they will get pregnant,

35 (c) [3:38] so they will lamb on the twenty-second of February – that is, of March.

36 (c) [2:42] When it’s warm. Earlier than that [it’s] cold, and the lambs can’t grow –

37 (c) [2:48] you need good conditions. So I breed them. After the sheep are impregnated,

38 (c) [2:57] [they carry it] throughout the winter, and then begin to lamb on March 22nd.

39 (c) [3:01] They begin to lamb, and we’re up at the sheepfold. We take them there

40 (c) [3:06] and pasture the sheep and lambs. They bring us bread there and take [stuff] back.

41 (c) [3:14] On Christmas and St. George’s Day we slaughter lambs, that was the rule then

42 (c) [3:18] for villagers. The best lamb would be for St. George’s day. They’d come up:

43 (c) [3:23] my older brothers would get [the lamb]. They then take it [down],

44 (c) [3:28] they slaughter it and prepare it. People roasted lambs whole in the outdoor oven –

45 (c) [3:31] there were these village ovens that several neighbors would share –

46 (c) [3:37] and they stuff the lamb after they skinned it, only removing the entrails.

47 (c) [3:42] They fill the other [parts] with rice and different things,

48 (c) [3:46] with leeks, or whatever they had, to put in there.

49 (c) [3:49] Then they sew it up again, and put it in the oven to roast.

50 (c) [3:53] On St. George’s Day we’d gather, the entire village, on the village square.

51 (c) [4:03] There’s a big square where the entire village gathers. They bring in the lambs –

52 (c) [4:03] they bring the entire lamb roasts there, and the priest comes by to bless them.

53 (c) [4:08] He blesses them one after another, sprinkles them [with holy water] and blesses them,

54 (c) [4:12] and everyone gives a piece [of his lamb] to the priest.

55 (c) [4:16] So when the priest comes and blesses the lambs

56 (c) [4:19] each one gives a piece to the priest,

57 (c) [4:23] then all the others start to eat, and the revelry begins.

58 (c) [4:29] Musicians play, people dance the round dance. There wasn’t today’s dancing,

59 (c) [4:35] these fancy dance things they do [now]. Only round dance, rŭchenitsa, line dances.

60 (c) [4:39] That’s how they danced in the old days. Till evening – this revelry

61 (c) [4:43] went on till evening, and then everyone went home, each to his house.

62 (KK) [So what kind of a holiday was St. George’s Day?]

63 (c) [4:48] Well, when they celebrate St. George’s Day, it’s shepherds –

64 (c) [4:52] it’s really the holiday of shepherds, but now they’ve dressed it up as

65 (c) [4:56] this “holiday of St. George”. People gather together,

66 (c) [5:02] they eat and drink and dance the round dance and rŭchenitsa until evening,

67 (c) [5:08] and when it gets dark everyone goes home because they didn’t have this night life then,

68 (c) [5:11] [like now] when young people go out all night. There weren’t such things then.

69 (c) [5:14] Everybody went home.

70 (KK) [What do you do when lambs begin to be born?]

71 (c) [5:16] When the ewes start to lamb, I know for each one of them more or less

72 (c) [5:20] the date when it was bred, and thus the day it should lamb.