Petŭr Shishkov
Village Image:
Gela 1
1 (b) [0:00] Years and years went by.
| year pl f | year pl f | go 3pl aor I | acc refl clt |
2 (a) [0:02] Without you noticing it. Don’t you pretend that it’s still the same!
| and | not | see f P.part P | nom 2sg | acc refl clt | neg | make sg imv I | that conj | still adv | thus sg n adj |
3 (a) [0:06] And [after] the years have gone by, now the old man says
| and | nom 3pl | 3pl pres aux clt | go pl L.part P | year pl f def dist | after adv | say 3sg pres I | old.man sg m def | now adv |
4 (a) [0:09] “It’ll change for the better”. But I say we expect “worse”,
| nom sg n | more | nice adv | nom sg n | fut | acc n 3sg clt | change 3sg pres P | call 1sg pres I | nom 1pl | expect 1pl pres I | more | bad adv |
5 (a) [0:11] and not “better”, than now. When you get to those years
| not | more | nice adv | than | now adv | disc | come 2sg pres P | to | that pl dist adj | year pl f |
6 (a) [0:14] do you expect “better”, son? [No,] you expect “worse”.
| more | interr clt | expect 2sg pres I | nice sg n adj | son sg m | more | bad sg n adj | expect 2sg pres P |
7 (b) [0:18] Well, nothing hurts, but still, I’ve [gotten] feeble.
| disc | nothing sg n | acc 1sg clt | neg | hurt 3sg pres I | and | and | 1sg pres cop clt | feeble sg m adj |
8 (a) [0:22] [Here we are in] old age, on foot till now [and still] we’ve gotten fat.
| disc | old.age sg f def | and | on.foot adv | to.now adv | disc | gain.weight 1pl aor P |
9 (b) [0:24] So the body has worn out and is saying “That’s enough already!” [laughter]
| mean 3sg pres I | body sg n def med | acc refl clt | wear.out 3sg aor P | already adv | and | say 3sg pres I | hort |
10 (a) [0:30] How many years [have you been going] about Karlak right up to the summit?
| from | how.many interr | year pl f | around | Karlak sg m place | under | summit sg m def |
11 (a) [0:33] When he shouted out with the sheep, it could be heard [down] here.
| when inter.rel | acc refl clt | [...] | shout.out 3sg impf I | with | sheep pl f def med | here adv | son voc sg m | 3sg impf cop | hear sg m P.part P |
12 (PSh) Surely – surely you’re quite healthy.
| nom 2sg | surely adv | surely adv | 2sg pres cop clt | very adv | healthy sg m adj |
13 (PSh) You’ve been getting your exercise up there in the forests and the mountains.
| nom 2sg | 2sg pres aux clt | acc refl clt | toughen sg m L.part P | above adv | along | forest sg f def | along | mountain sg f def |
14 (a) [0:41] Oh, for twenty-five years now, he’s been only up here on the summit
| excl | disc | twenty | five | year pl f | only adv | along | summit sg m def | here adv | sg m L.part cop |
15 (b) [0:46] Hm.
| disc |
16 (a) [0:47] with the sheep. I remember back then how we’d run when he let the sheep out for home,
| with | sheep pl f def med | and | then med adv | remember 1sg pres I | run 1pl impf I | when inter.rel | release 2sg pres P | sheep pl f def dist | to.here adv |
17 (a) [0:51] and when they’d go past the summit, he’d shout out,
| ost | thus prox adv | along | summit sg m def | comp | pass 3pl pres P | and | nom m 3sg | when conj | acc refl clt | shout 3sg impf I |
18 (a) [0:54] and all of Gela could hear him. You hear that he’s gone there.
| and | acc m 3sg clt | hear 3sg pres P | entire sg n adj | Gela sg f place | acc m 3sg clt | hear 2sg pres I | that conj | 3sg pres aux clt | go sg m L.part P | thus prox adv |
19 (a) [0:57] And he’s healthy! Alive and healthy, and when he shouted out –
| but | nom m 3sg | 3sg pres cop clt | healthy sg m adj | alive sg m adj | and | healthy sg m adj | 3sg pres cop clt | when rel | acc refl clt | shout 3sg pres I |
20 (a) [1:02] Ah, [our] mortal life.
| excl | life sg m | human sg m adj |
21 (b) [1:09] One lives one way, another – another. And that’s how it is.
| one sg m adj | thus med adv | live 3sg pres I | other sg m adj | thus med adv | disc |
22 (PSh) Everyone’s different. What year did you become a shepherd?
| each sg m adj | differently adv | nom 2sg | which sg f interr adj | year f sg | 2sg pres aux clt | become sg m L.part P | shepherd sg m |
23 (b) [1:17] I started [doing it] when I was nine years old.
| nom 1sg | from | nine | year pl f | 1sg pres aux clt | set.out sg m L.part P |
24 (a) [1:19] He went all around the Aegean region and –
| go sg m L.part P | around | White.Sea.region sg n def med | and |
25 (PSh) Nine years old!
| nine.year sg m adj |
26 (a) [1:24] When he was nine he went with the sheep in the Aegean region but now ...
| at | nine | year pl f | go sg m L.part I | in | White.Sea.region sg n def med | with | sheep pl f | thus med adv | but | now adv |
27 (b) [1:28] Earlier on when [the region] was ours.
| more | before adv | when inter.rel | 3sg impf cop | our sg n adj |
28 (a) [1:29] … now for a nine-year-old, they spread something [on bread] and –
| and | and | now adv | at | nine | year pl f | acc n 3sg clt | cajole 3pl pres I | spread sg n P.part P | and |
29 (a) [1:32] they make him they give him sweet things to nibble.
| try.hard 3pl pres I | comp | acc n 3sg clt | give 3pl pres P | comp | bite 3sg pres P | sweet sg n adj | comp | dat refl clt | bite 3sg pres P |
30 (TD) [laughter]
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31 (a) [1:34] Others, though [still] go out …
| and | that m adj disc | go 3pl pres I |
32 (b) [1:36] Huh.
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disc
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33 (a) [1:36] … with the sheep. Isn’t that how it is now?
| with | sheep pl f def dist | disc | interr | dat refl clt | 3sg pres cop clt | thus dist adv | now adv |
34 (a) [1:39] Just look how people have degenerated! Now I see here
| see sg imv P | how interr | acc refl clt | degenerate 3pl aor P | people pl def med | because | ost | here adv | look 1sg pres I |
35 (a) [1:42] that they are forcing [kids]: “Hey, eat this!
| and | acc n 3sg clt | try.hard 3pl pres I | hort | comp | eat 3sg pres I | this sg n med adj | already adv |
36 (a) [1:44] Taste this [nice] spread! Here drink this!” You see [what I mean]?
| taste sg imv P | this sg n prox adj | excl | spread sg n P.part P | hort | hort | drink 3sg pres I | and | see sg imv P |
37 (a) [1:47] But at their age [our kids] went out with the livestock. There were kids
| dist | at | their pl def dist adj | year pl f | go 3pl impf I | with | livestock sg m | now adv | impf exist | and | child pl n def med |
38 (a) [1:53] pasturing cows back then. The bigger one would pasture cows,
| pasture 3pl impf I | cow pl f def med | then adv | more | big sg n def dist adj | pasture 3sg pres I | cow sg f | hes | hes |
39 (a) [1:57] and the smaller ones too. And when the cows would go into the forest
| and | more | small n def dist adj | then med adv | when inter.rel | enter 3pl pres P | cow pl f def dist | in | forest sg f def med |
40 (a) [2:00] the smaller one would say, “Sister, don’t cry!
| and | more | small n def dist adj | say 3sg pres I | older.sister voc sg f | sg neg hort | cry inf I |
41 (a) [2:02] I’ll go up there!” [laughter]. That’s the way they were. But now?
| nom 1sg | fut | go 1sg pres P | nom 1sg | ost | there adv | thus dist adv | 3pl impf cop | but | now adv |
42 (b) [2:05] Hm.
| disc |
43 (a) [2:05] They can’t manage anything.
| at.all | neg | dat 3pl clt | facilitate 3pl pres I |
44 (b) [2:08] So what are you writing down, you?
| nom 2sg | what sg n interr | record 2sg pres I | adrs |
45 (PSh) Well, I can’t remember everything so I note down …
| disc | neg | can 1sg pres I | everything sg n adj | comp | remember 1sg pres P | and | record 1sg pres P |
46 (b) [laughter]
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47 (a) [2:13] They keep on getting mixed up.
| nom 3pl | all adv | confuse 3pl pres I |
48 (PSh) … things that interest me.
| which sg n rel adj | dat 1sg clt | 3sg pres cop clt | interesting sg n adj |
49 (a) [laughter]
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50 (b) [2:16] Huh.
| disc |
51 (a) [2:17] This Maria from Sofia – each time I saw her she was writing something,
| ost | Maria sg f name | Sofia.native sg f def med | this sg f med adj | when inter.rel | acc f 3sg clt | seek 1sg pres P | write 3sg pres I | then med adv |
52 (a) [2:21] and she started to make fun of me about these “ledunki” (icicles)
| when inter.rel | take 3sg aor P | comp | dat 1sg clt | acc refl clt | laugh 3sg pres I | for | this sg n prox adj | for | icicle pl f def prox |
53 (a) [2:23] these things that hang down in the winter. They call them “shushulki”.
| winter sg n adj | time sg n | interr | now adv | acc refl clt | descend 3pl pres I | nom 3pl | acc m 3sg clt | call 3pl pres I | dried.fruit pl f |
54 (a) [2:27] And I said, “Maria, you’re crazy, how could it be ‘shushulki’?
| say 1sg aor P | Maria sg f name | nom 2sg | 2sg pres cop clt | deranged sg f P.part P | and | how interr | want 3sg pres I | comp | 3sg pres cop clt | dried.fruit pl f |
55 (a) [2:31] That which people call ‘shushulki’ is what’s made from dried plums!
| because | disc | dried.fruit pl f | call 3pl pres I | from | blue pl adj | plum pl f | dry 3pl pres I | acc 3pl clt | call 3pl pres I | dried.fruit pl f |
56 (a) [2:34] But you,” I said, “[use that name for] ‘ladunki’ (icicles).”
| and | nom 2sg | call 1sg pres I | icicle pl f def med |
57 (a) [2:36] [And she said] “Hey granny, [others] consider yours [to be] more correct.
| adrs | grandmother voc sg f | nom sg | count 3sg pres I | acc refl clt | more | correct sg n adj | your sg n def med adj |
58 (a) [2:39] It’s a ‘ledunka’ because it drips and drips, you know, and little by little
| icicle sg f | ost | disc | drip 3sg pres I | drip 3sg pres I | interr | acc refl clt | settle 3sg pres I | settle 3sg pres I | settle 3sg pres I |
59 (a) [2:41] it gets this big.”
| and | become 3sg pres P | ost | so.big sg f med adj |
60 (b) [2:42] [And] her kids are law consultants! Educated! [laughter]
| child pl n def dist | dat f 3sg clt | law.consultant pl m | learn pl m P.part I |
61 (a) [2:45] Hah! and it got to be an enormous icicle. So [Maria] says “Here, Sasha –
| excl | become 3sg aor P | so.big sg n med adj | enormous.icicle sg n | thus dist adv | and | call 3sg pres I | ost | Sasha voc sg m name |
62 (a) [2:50] Sasha, look,” she says, “how many ‘shushulki’ (icicles) there are over there!”
| Sasha voc sg m name | hort | how.many interr | call 3sg pres I | pres exist | there adv | dried.fruit pl f |
63 (b) [laughter]
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64 (a) [2:53] And I say, “Where are there ‘shushulki’ (dried plums)?” [laughter]. And we start laughing.
| nom 1sg | call 1sg pres I | where interr | pres exist | dried.fruit pl f | and | there adv | begin 1pl pres P | acc refl clt | laugh 1pl pres I |
65 (a) [2:57] “What do you mean, Granny?” he (Sasha) says. “That’s a ‘ledunka’.
| how interr | call 3sg pres I | grandmother voc sg f | disc | that sg n dist adj | 3sg pres cop clt | icicle sg f |
66 (a) [3:00] She said your [word] is more correct. That thing is a ‘ledunka’ (icicle),
| and | call 3sg pres I | your sg n def med adj | more | correct sg n adj | icicle sg f |
67 (a) [3:02] because,” he said to me, “see [how] they (icicles) little by little build up
| because conj | call 3sg pres I | see sg imv P | how interr | dat 1sg clt | say 3sg pres I | nom 3pl | acc refl clt | settle 3sg pres I | settle 3sg pres I | settle 3sg pres I |
68 (a) [3:06] and it becomes a big icicle. So [that means] it’s not a ‘shushulka’.” [laughter]
| and | become 3sg pres P | big sg n adj | icicle sg f | and | when conj | neg | 3sg pres cop clt | dried.fruit sg f |
69 (a) [3:10] And that’s what they were laughing about, because –
| for | such.thing sg n dist adj | acc refl clt | laugh 3pl pres I | because |
70 (TD) [So] what is it that you call “shushulka”?
| nom 2pl | at | what sg n interr | call 2pl pres I | dried.fruit sg f |
71 (a) [3:14] Well, when you put plums to dry, or apples or such, [that’s] “shushulki” (dried fruit).
| disc | from | blue pl adj | plum pl f | when inter.rel | dry 2sg pres P | from | apple pl f | disc | dried.fruit pl f |
72 (TD) Uh huh.
| yes |
73 (a) [3:19] You get it? Dried fruit, because you dry it! [laughter].
| interr | know 2sg pres I | dried.plum pl f | because | acc n 3sg clt | dry 2sg pres I |