Tihomir 2

1 (GK)       So tell me how you kneaded ( = made) bread in the old days

əm disc ами

da comp да

mi dat 1sg clt аз

kàžeš say 2sg pres P кажа

kàk how interr как

mèsexte knead 2pl impf I меся

xl’àp bread sg m хляб

ednò one sg n adj един

vrème time sg n време

2 (a) [0:05]      We kneaded –

m’èsejme knead 1pl impf I меся

3 (GK)       – starting from –

takà thus adv така

kato as conj като

pòčneš begin 2sg pres P почна

ut from от

4 (a) [0:07]      If it’s corn [bread] we boil up water, and we had [this] kneading trough,

kà if conj ако

e 3sg pres cop clt съм

s hes .

càrəvìčen corn sg m adj царевичен

vəzvərìme boil 1pl pres P възвря

vadɔ̀ta water sg f def med вода

i and и

naškvᵊì kneading.trough pl.t нощви

si dat refl clt си

imème have 1pl impf I имам

5 (a) [0:12]      we called it kneading trough. We pour – we sift the flour

naškvᵊɨ̀ kneading.trough pl.t нощви

g acc 3pl clt те

zav’eme call 1pl pres I зова

sᵊɨ̀pem pour 1pl pres P сипя

ats’ème sift 1pl pres P отсея

brašnòto flour sg n def med брашно

6 (GK)       With what?

sɤs with с

kakvò what sg n interr какво

7 (a) [0:16]      We’ve got a sieve.

ìməme have 1pl pres I имам

sᵚɨ̀tɯ sieve sg n сито

8 (GK)       What’s it called?

kàk how interr как

se acc refl clt се

kàzva say 3sg pres I казвам

9 (a) [0:18]      A sieve. We sift out the flour, we pour boiled water – [when it’s for] corn [meal, that is.]

sìtɔ sieve sg n сито

ats'ème sift 1pl pres P отсея

brašnòto flour sg n def med брашно

vazvr’ènata boil sg f def P.part P med възвря

vòda water sg f вода

sᵊìpeme pour 1pl pres P сипя

gà when inter.rel кога

a 3sg pres cop clt съм

càrevìčevo corn sg n adj царевичев

10 (a) [0:23]      We pour the boiled water over it and steam it. And then we add rye [flour]

vazvrènata boil sg f def P.part P med възвря

vòda water sg f вода

sᵊìpeme pour 1pl pres P сипя

papàrime steam 1pl pres P попаря

go acc n 3sg clt то

azàm after adv азам

pàk again adv пак

slàgame put 1pl pres I слагам

at from от

rɔ̀š' rye sg m ръж

rɔ̀ž’onko rye sg n adj ръжен

11 (a) [0:28]      knead it up. When it’s fermented then we put it in a pan with a “ponitsa” (a lid)

am’èsime knead 1pl pres P омеся

go acc n 3sg clt то

agà when inter.rel кога

go acc n 3sg clt то

vaskᵚɨ̀sne ferment 3sg pres P възкисна

takà thus med adv така

go acc n 3sg clt то

klad’ème put 1pl pres P клада

f in в

tavɔ̀ta pan sg f def med тава

as with с

pònicɔ lid acc sg f подница

12 (GK)       A “ponitsa”.

af in в

pònica lid sg f подница

13 (a) [0:36]      We cover it with a “ponitsa”.

as with с

pònica lid sg f подница

ga acc m 3sg clt той

pahlùpime cover 1pl pres P похлупя

14 (GK)       And –

i and и

15 (a) [0:38]      You haven’t ever seen it?

vì nom 2pl вие

ste 2pl pres aux clt съм

nè neg не

vìdevɤlᵊi see pl L.part I виждам

16 (GK)       No.

nè no не

17 (a) [0:40]      Not [at all]?

nèl interr нали

18 (GK)       No.

nè no не

19 (a) [0:41]      Aren’t there things like this in your part of the world?

a and а

nèma pres neg exist няма

po by по

vàšta your sg f def med adj ваш

stràna country sg f страна

nèma pres neg exist няма

takvᵊì such pl med adj такъв

ràbatᵊi thing pl f работа

20 (GK)       No, there aren’t.

nèma pres neg exist няма

21 (a) [0:41]      And there didn’t used to be [either]?

i and и

napr’èš before adv напред

n’èma pres neg exist няма

22 (GK)       There used to be, but it’s …

mi disc ами

imàlo L.part exist има

ama but ама

e 3sg pres aux clt съм

23 (a) [0:46]      Gone.

minàva pass 3sg pres I минавам

24 (GK)       ... all [in the] past.

zaminàlo pass.by sg n L.part P замина

25 (a) [0:47]      It’s gone, gone [unintelligible]. But now there’s a lot of good [things].

minàva pass 3sg pres I минавам

minàva pass 3sg pres I минавам

tò disc то

tò disc то

segà now adv сега

hùvu good sg n adj хубав

fɤ̀rd’e much adv твърде

26 (GK)       So after [you’re done], what do you scrape out the kneading trough with?

i and и

pòsle after adv после

noškvìte kneading.trough pl.t def нощ

s with с

kakvò what sg n interr какво

gi acc 3pl clt те

ostɤ̀rgvaš scrape 2sg pres I остъргвам

27 (a) [0:53]      With a knife.

as with с

nòž’ɤ knife acc sg m нож

28 (GK)       And how is that said?

a and а

kàk how interr как

se acc refl clt се

zuvè call 3sg pres I зова

29 (a) [0:56]      We scrape it out with a knife.

as with с

nòž knife sg m нож

go acc n 3sg clt то

istɔ̀rgame scrape 1pl pres I изстъргвам

30 (GK)       How –

k […] .

31 (a) [0:56]      We put it (the scrapings) out for the animals.

klad’ème put 1pl pres P клада

go acc n 3sg clt то

na to на

na to на

ajvànete animal pl def med хайван

32 (GK)       For –

na to на

33 (a) [0:59]      When we scrape it out, we leave a little bit of the starter there, to ferment

agà when inter.rel кога

go acc n 3sg clt то

istɔ̀rgame scrape 1pl pres I изстъргвам

astàvime leave 1pl pres P оставя

birìs little adv бирас

kvàsɤ starter acc sg m квас

kvàsɤ starter acc sg m квас

da comp да

vaskᵊɨ̀snəvə ferment 3sg pres I възкисвам

34 (a) [1:04]      [for] the next bread. We leave [behind] some starter when we scrape the trough.

pàk again adv пак

s’è thus prox adv съй

drùgiet other sg m def med adj друг

l’èp bread sg m хляб

s’ètniet last sg m def med adj сетен

l’èp bread sg m хляб

astàvime leave 1pl pres P оставя

kvàskɤ starter acc sg m квас

naškvᵊìte kneading.trough pl.t def med нощви

istɔ̀rguvame scrape 1pl pres I изстъргвам

35 (a) [1:09]      [Then] we wash it. The next day we bake, and then we knead again.

amᵊìjeme wash 1pl pres P омия

gᵚɨ acc 3pl clt те

pàk again adv пак

ùtre tomorrow adv утре

gà when inter.rel кога

peč’ème bake 1pl pres I пека

pàg again adv пак

ga acc m 3sg clt той

am’èsime knead 1pl pres P омеся

36 (GK)       So then, how do you do the baking? How do your fire up the oven?

i and и

pòsle after adv после

kàk how interr как

pečèš bake 2sg pres I пека

kàk how interr как

pàliš fire.up 2sg pres I паля

pe [...] .

peštà oven sg f def пещ

u in в

pèš [ … ] .

37 (a) [1:16]      It doesn’t [go] in the oven, but [rather] in a “ponitsa” (the dish with a lid).

tò disc то

n’è neg не

f in в

p’èčkə oven sg f печка

tò disc то

f in в

pònica baking.dish sg f подница

38 (GK)       Ah.

à disc а

39 (a) [1:18]      [We put] it on the hearth, not in the oven.

tò disc то

na on на

agnìš’e hearth sg n огнище

tò disc то

n’è not не

əf in в

sòba oven sg f соба

40 (GK)       And –

a disc а

41 (a) [1:22]      Not in the oven.

af in в

p’èčka oven sg f печка

n’è no не

42 (GK)       Ah.

à adrs а

43 (a) [1:23]      In the “ponitsa”, on the fire. We have a small hearth,

po [...] по

s with с

pònica baking.dish sg f подница

na on на

agn’ète fire acc sg m def med огън

badž’elɔ̀kč’e small.hearth sg n баджалък

si dat refl clt си

ìmame have 1pl pres I имам

44 (a) [1:26]      and put the “ponitsa” [there]. We cover the bread in a pan, and then later

klad’ème put 1pl pres P клада

pònicətə baking.dish sg f def med подница

pahlùpme cover 1pl pres P похлупя

f in в

tavɔ̀ pan sg f тава

l’èbat’e bread acc sg m def med хляб

i and и

azàm after adv азам

go acc m 3sg clt той

s’ètne later adv сетне

45 (a) [1:32]      after we bake it, we slice it and eat it.

gà when inter.rel кога

go acc m 3sg clt той

ispeč’ème bake 1pl pres P изпека

rɛ̀ž’eme cut 1pl pres I режа

ga acc m 3sg clt той

da comp да

ga acc m 3sg clt той

id’ème eat 1pl pres I ям

46 (GK)       Right.

tɤ̀j thus adv тъй

47 (a) [1:35]      It’s a big loaf of bread.

tò disc то

gal’èmkᵚɨ big sg m adj голям

l’èp bread sg m хляб

48 (GK)       Ah.

à disc а

49 (a) [1:36]      Not like what one buys [at the store] now.

tò disc то

n’è neg не

kato like като

kùpen buy sg m P.part P купя

s’è now adv сега

50 (GK)       Ah.

à disc а

51 (a) [1:34]      Bigger [than that].

pò more по

gal’èmkᵚɨj big sg m adj голям

52 (GK)       And what sorts of banitsa did you used to make?

a and а

bànici banitsa pl f баница

kakvì what.kind pl adj какъв

pràvexte make 2pl impf I правя

53 (a) [1:42]      We made [different kinds of] banitsa. We roll out the pastry, and –

pràvijme make 1pl impf I правя

bànicite banitsa pl f def med баница

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

sùč’eme roll 1pl pres I суча

i and и

54 (GK)       What do you do with the pastry? Roll it out?

kakvò what sg n interr какво

pràvite make 2pl pres I правя

kòrite filo.sheet pl f def кора

sùčete roll 2pl pres I суча

gi acc 3pl clt те

55 (a) [1:48]      We knead [pastry] dough.

k’ɛ̀sta dough sg n тесто

m’èsime knead 1pl pres I меся

56 (GK)       Right –

tɤ̀j thus adv тъй

57 (a) [1:50]      We knead the dough. When we knead it – we knead it and then –

k’ɛ̀sta dough sg n тесто

m’èsime knead 1pl pres I меся

gà when inter.rel кога

am’èsime knead 1pl pres P омеся

ga acc n 3sg clt то

am’èsime knead 1pl pres P омеся

ga acc n 3sg clt то

azàm after adv азам

mu dat n 3sg clt то

go acc n 3sg clt то

58 (a) [1:53]      then we [put] it on the table and take a – we call it a rolling pin.

azàm after adv азам

go acc n 3sg clt то

na on на

sin’ɔ̀nɔ table sg f def dist синия

i and и

z’èmeme take 1pl pres P взема

si dat refl clt си

tač’ìlka rolling.pin sg f точилка

ga acc f 3sg clt тя

zvème call 1pl pres I зова

59 (GK)       Right –

tɤ̀j thus adv тъй

60 (a) [1:57]      [Like] a stick, a rolling pin. We roll out the pastry, add some rice, some cheese

č’òpka stick sg f чопка

tač’ìlkɤ rolling.pin sg f точилка

sùč’eme roll 1pl pres I суча

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

arìsč’e rice sg n оризче

klad’ème put 1pl pres P клада

sᵊɨ̀renke cheese sg n сиренке

klad’ème put 1pl pres P клада

61 (a) [2:04]      We made those kinds of banitsa. Now it’s different, but back then we’d [eat] that.

sakvᵊìn such pl prox adj сакъв

pràim make 1pl pres I правя

bànice banitsa pl f баница

segà now adv сега

drùgak otherwise adv другак

ama but ама

na [...] .

pò more по

naprèš earlier adv напред

štèm will 1pl impf ща

do comp да

et’èj thus med adv етъй

62 (GK)       And what kinds of banitsa were there? How did you say it? “Banitsa”?

i and и

kakvì what.kind pl adj какъв

bànici banitsa pl f баница

ìmaše impf exist има

vìe nom 2pl вие

kàk how interr как

i dat f 3sg clt тя

vìkaxte call 2pl impf I викам

bànica banitsa sg f баница

li interr clt ли

63 (a) [2:11]      “Ba - “ [No,] “klin”.

ba [ … ] .

klìnɤ banitsa acc sg m клин

64 (GK)       Aah!

àa excl а

65 (a) [2:12]      We called it “klin”! [laugher]

klìnɤ banitsa acc sg m клин

gɤ acc m 3sg clt той

zav’ème call 1pl pres I зова

66 (GK)       And “zelnik” (pastry with greens as filling)?

a and а

zèlnik pastry.with.greens sg m зелник

67 (a) [2:14]      We baked “zelnik” also.

i and и

z’èlnikɤ pastry.with.greens pl m зелник

peč’ème bake 1pl pres I пека

68 (GK)       And what goes inside that?

kàk how interr как

tòj nom m 3sg той

sɤs with с

kakvò what sg n interr какво

e 3sg pres cop clt съм

69 (a) [2:16]      We baked “zelnik” only with these – nettles. Nettles, how did we call them?

ta and та

tòj nom m 3sg той

z’èlnikət pastry.with.greens sg m def med зелник

peč’ème bake 1pl pres I пека

al’è only adv ле

s with с

nèkvi some pl adj някакъв

žàl’kᵊi nettles pl f жалка

kaprìvi nettles pl f коприва

kàk how interr как

gi acc 3pl clt те

zav’ème call 1pl pres I зова

70 (GK)       Ah

à disc а

71 (a) [2:21]      We pick them, then wash them and chop them,

i and и

hi acc 3pl clt те

ber’ème gather 1pl pres I бера

na [ .. ] .

ə and а

na [...] .

amᵊìjeme wash 1pl pres P омия

gɤ acc 3pl clt те

nadrabìme chop 1pl pres P надробя

gɤ acc 3pl clt те

72 (a) [2:25]      and then add some rice, and put them into the pastry sheets, roll it out,

azàm after adv азам

mu dat m 3sg clt той

slò [ … ] .

klad’ème put 1pl pres P клада

arìšk’e rice sg n оризче

klad’ème put 1pl pres P клада

mu dat m 3sg clt той

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

mu dat m 3sg clt той

isùč’eme roll 1pl pres P изсуча

73 (a) [2:30]      and bake the “zelnik”.

ispìč’ame bake 1pl pres I изпичам

z’èlnikat’e pastry.with.greens acc sg m def med зелник

74 (GK)       Ah.

a disc а

75 (a) [2:32]      That’s how.

et’èⁱj thus med adv етъй

76 (GK)       What else besides banitsa did you make from the pastry dough?

à and а

ot from от

testò dough sg n тесто

kakvò what sg n interr какво

pràvexte make 2pl impf I правя

drùgo other sg n adj друг

osvèn besides освен

bànici banitsa pl f баница

77 (a) [2:36]      From the wheat flour?

at from от

əp [ … ] .

pč’enìč’ena wheat sg f adj пшеница

bràšna flour sg n брашно

78 (GK)       But the –

a disc а

tèš [...] .

79 (a) [2:38]      We make pastry sheets from the flour: we knead it up and roll out pastry.

atèj thus med adv етъй

ad from от

brɑ̀šno flour sg n брашно

isùč’eme roll 1pl pres P изсуча

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

am’èsime knead 1pl pres P омеся

ga when inter.rel кога

isùč’eme roll 1pl pres P изсуча

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

80 (GK)       [But] what else besides banitsa did you make from the pastry dough?

ot from от

testò dough sg n тесто

drùgo other sg n adj друг

kakvò what sg n interr какво

pràvexte make 2pl impf I правя

osvèn besides освен

bànici banitsa pl f баница

81 (a) [2:45]      Well, there’s “kashnitsa” [you make] from the dough [that] you mix up.

č’e disc че

l’è only adv ле

f in в

kɑ̀šnica pie sg f кашница

demèk that.is adv демек

at from от

t’ɛ̀sta dough sg n тесто

zabɔ̀rkaš mix 2sg pres P забъркам

82 (GK)       Uh huh?

əə disc .

83 (a) [2:49]      We call it “kashnitsa”.

azàm after adv азам

kɑ̀šnica pie sg f кашница

ga acc f 3sg clt тя

zav’ème call 1pl pres I зова

84 (GK)       Right –

tɤ̀j thus adv тъй

85 (a) [2:51]      That’s – that’s also with pastry sheets.

i and и

tò nom n 3sg то

i and и

tò nom n 3sg то

s with с

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

86 (GK)       And how – [ah,] and that’s also with pastry sheets.

i and и

kàk how interr как

stà [ .. ] .

i and и

tò nom n 3sg то

s with с

kòri filo.sheet pl f кора

87 (a) [2:53]      Also with pastry sheets.

i and и

tò nom n 3sg то

s with с

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

88 (GK)       What about “trahana” (pastry of dried yeast mixed with milk)?

a and а

tràana trahana sg f трахана

89 (a) [2:55]      “Trahana” with three sheets of pastry. We knead it with yeast, and milk.

s with с

trì three три

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

tràanata trahana sg f def med трахана

a acc f 3sg clt тя

m’èsime knead 1pl pres I меся

s with с

kvàsa starter acc sg m квас

i and и

s with с

ml’èkɔ milk sg n мляко

90 (GK)       Yes –

dà yes да

91 (a) [2:59]      [cough] Then it ferments. It sits five days and then we cut it up

azàm after adv азам

ga acc n 3sg clt то

azàm after adv азам

vaskᵚɨ̀sne ferment 3sg pres P възкисна

sedì sit 3sg pres I седя

p’èt five пет

d’èna day ct m ден

azàm after adv азам

je acc f 3sg clt тя

nakɔ̀came tear 1pl pres P накъцам

92 (a) [3:06]      into small pieces – small pieces like this; then it dries, and then we go and

na into на

kalàčkav’e bun pl m колач

na into на

sakvɤ̀n such pl prox adj сакъв

kalàčkave bun pl m колач

azàm after adv азам

isɔ̀ne dry 3sg pres P изсъхна

azàm after adv азам

esèⁱj thus prox adv есъй

reč’ème say 1pl pres P река

93 (a) [3:12]      then we grind it, with the millstone.

azàm after adv азам

em [ .. ] .

e acc f 3sg clt тя

m’èleme grind 1pl pres I меля

f in в

rašnìcɤ millstone sg f ръшница

94 (GK)       Aha.

ahà bkch аха

95 (a) [3:15]      And it becomes “trahana”.

tràhana trahana sg f трахана

stàva become 3sg pres I ставам

96 (GK)       And [did you prepare] anything by means of smoking?

a disc а

nèšto something sg n нещо

na on на

tùrma smoke sg f турма

na on на

tùrma smoke sg f турма

nèšto something sg n нещо

97 (a) [3:18]      [cough]

[...]

98 (GK)       Did you bake [anything that way]?

pečèxte bake 2pl impf I пека

li interr ли

99 (a) [3:18]      No.

hàir no хаяр

100 (GK)       Couscous: how did you make that?

kuskùs couscous sg m кускус

kàk how interr как

pràexte make 2pl pres I правя

101 (a) [3:21]      Couscous, is it? We boil that up with hot water in boiling water.

kuskùs’ete couscous acc sg m def med кускус

l’e only adv ле

varìme cook 1pl pres I варя

ga acc m 3sg clt той

na on на

parlìva hot sg f adj парлив

vòda water sg f вода

vazvrìena boil sg f P.part P възвря

vòda water sg f вода

102 (GK)       Ah?

à disc а

103 (a) [3;23]      [But] we don’t make ...

nᵊì nom 1pl ние

ne neg не

pràvime make 1pl pres I правя

104 (GK)       But –

a disc а

na on на

105 (a) [3:25]      ... couscous.

kùskùza couscous acc m кускус

106 (GK)       – by smoking?

na on на

tùrma smoke sg f турма

107 (a) [3:26]      We buy it. We don’t make couscous, we don’t know how to –

nᵊì nom 1pl ние

kupùvame buy 1pl pres I купувам

nɤ neg не

pràvime make 1pl pres I правя

kuskùzɤ couscous acc sg m кускус

ne neg не

znàme know 1pl pres I зная

kàk how interr как

da comp да

108 (a) [3:30]      how to make it, and we have [never] made it.

kàk how interr как

sa acc refl clt се

pràvi make 3sg pres I правя

i and и

n’è neg не

sme 1pl pres aux clt съм

pràv’alɤ make pl L.part I правя

109 (GK)       And [what about] “youfka” (pasta for boiling)?

a disc а

jufkà pasta sg f юфка

110 (a) [3:33]      "Ifka” – that’s also for purchase. That gets bought also.

ifkɔ̀ pasta sg f юфка

i and и

ifkɔ̀ta pasta sg f def med юфка

kùp’etə̥ buy sg f P.part P купя

i and и

t’è nom f 3sg тя

kùp’et buy sg f P.part P купя

111 (GK)       And that gets bought.

i and и

t’à nom f 3sg тя

kùpena buy sg f P.part P купя

112 (a) [3;36]      And that gets bought. We’d boil “ifka”, and if necessary roll out pastry sheets;

i and и

t’à nom f 3sg тя

kùpeta buy sg f P.part P купя

tò disc то

ifkɔ̀ pasta sg f юфка

varìmen cook 1pl impf I варя

si dat refl clt си

agà when inter.rel кога

tr’èva must pres I imprs трябва

issùč’eme roll 1pl pres P изсуча

kòrᵊi filo.sheet pl f кора

113 (a) [3:41]      Then we put it in hot water, we’d pour out the water and then we’d add yogurt

azàm after adv азам

af in в

parlìva hot sg f adj парлив

vòda water sg f вода

m’ɛ̀tneme throw 1pl pres P метна

atl’èmen pour.out 1pl impf P отлея

mu dat n 3sg clt то

vadɔ̀ta water sg f def med вода

azàm after adv азам

klad’èmen put 1pl impf P клада

agùrt’e yogurt acc sg m йогурт

114 (a) [3:49]      and thicken it with butter. That’s “ifka”.

zab’èlime thicken 1pl pres P забеля

ga acc n 3sg clt то

s with с

màsla butter sg n масло

tazì this sg f med adj този

ifkà pasta sg f юфка

115 (GK)       Aha.

ahà bkch аха

116 (a) [3:52]      That’s what we call “ifka”.

tazì this sg f med adj този

ifkà pasta sg f юфка

zav’ème call 1pl pres I зова

117 (GK)       That’s what you call “ifka”.

tazì this sg f med adj този

zavète call 2pl pres I зова

ifkà pasta sg f юфка

118 (a) [3:55]      Yes, [it is].

jà yes я

119 (GK)       Now, can you tell me how you used to do the reaping in the old days?

ami disc ами

da hort да

mi dat 1sg clt аз

raskàžeš tell 2sg pres P разкажа

segà now adv сега

ednò one sg n adj един

vrème time sg n време

kàk how interr как

kàk how interr как

žènexte reap 2pl impf I жъна

120 (GK)       How did you reap? How did you reap? With – ?

kàk how interr как

žènexte reap 2pl impf I жъна

kàk how interr как

žɔ̀nexte reap 2pl impf I жъна

sɤs with с

121 (a) [4:05]      Well, when –

jàla disc яла

agà when inter.rel кога

122 (GK)       in the fields?

nìva field sg f нива

nə in на

n’ìvəna field sg f def dist нива

123 (a) [4:06]      [we reap] what’s been sown...

s with с

pas’ànata sow sg n def P.part P med посея

124 (GK)       In the fields, yes?

na in на

nìvana field sg f def dist нива

à disc а

125 (a) [4:07]      ... what’s been sown in the fields.

pas’ànata sow sg n def P.part P med посея

na in на

nìvata field sg f def med нива

126 (GK)       What’s been sown, the wheat –

pas’ànoto sow sg n def P.part P посея

pa on по

pšenìcana wheat sg f def dist пшеница

127 (a) [4:09]      We have sickles.

kalmùje sickle pl m калмуй

si dat refl clt си

ìmame have 1pl pres I имам

128 (GK)       What?

kakvò what sg n interr какво

129 (a) [4:11]      Sickles. We have sickles. We grasp the grain and cut it.

as with с

kalmùje sickle pl m калмуй

as with с

kalùje sickle pl m калмуй

ìmame have 1pl pres I имам

fàtame catch 1pl pres I хващам

ž’ìtoto grain sg n def med жито

adr’ɛ̀ž’eme cut 1pl pres P отрежа

go acc n 3sg clt то

130 (a) [4:18]      We grasp it, and cut it, and make sheaves of it.

fàtame catch 1pl pres I хващам

adr’ɛ̀ž’eme cut 1pl pres P отрежа

go acc n 3sg clt то

pràime make 1pl pres I правя

go acc n 3sg clt то

na into на

snòpɤ sheaf acc sg m сноп

131 (GK)       How do you call the amount that you grasp in one hand?

tavà this sg n adj този

dèto rel дето

go acc n 3sg clt то

fàtaš catch 2sg pres I хващам

s with с

ednàta one sg f def adj един

rɔ̀ka hand sg f ръка

kàk how interr как

sa acc refl clt се

vìka call 3sg pres I викам

132 (a) [4:23]      A handful.

rakùl’k’e handful sg f ръкойка

133 (GK)       What?

kàk how interr как

134 (a) [4:25]      A handful.

rakùl’k’e handful sg f ръкойка

135 (GK)       Ah.

à disc а

136 (a) [4:26]      A handful is what you pull, snip, cut – We take and put what we’ve reaped,

rakùl’k’e handful sg f ръкойка

sa acc refl clt се

namɔ̀k [ … ] .

nakòt [ … ] .

narɛ̀ž [ … ] .

naž’ɔ̀nɤlɤ reap sg f L.part P нажъна

klàdəm put 1sg pres P клада

137 (a) [4:30]      in two, three, five handfuls – we make a sheaf [of it], and tie up the sheaf.

dvàš twice adv дваж

trìš thrice adv триж

p’èt five пет

rɔ̀kᵚɨ hand pl f ръка

stòr’əm make 1sg pres P сторя

go acc n 3sg clt то

snòpɤ sheaf acc sg m сноп

sv’ɔ̀ž’eme tie 1pl pres P свежа

go acc n 3sg clt то

snòpɤ sheaf acc sg m сноп

138 (GK)       What do you tie it with?

kàg how interr как

go acc n 3sg clt то

sv’ɔ̀zvaš tie 2sg pres P свезвам

139 (a) [4:37]      With a stalk of the same [thing].

pàk again adv пак

si dat refl clt си

e 3sg pres cop clt съм

sɤs with с

ə hes .

sàzɤ stalk acc sg m саз

140 (GK)       Ah?

à bkch а

141 (a) [4:39]      With the same thing. We tie it with [a piece of] the same grain.

pàk again adv пак

si dat refl clt си

e 3sg pres cop clt съм

s with с

tò disc то

at from от

ə hes .

tazì this sg f med adj този

ž’ìto grain sg n жито

sv’ɔ̀ž’eme tie 1pl pres P свежа

go acc n 3sg clt то

142 (a) [4:42]      We make two large piles of it, and tie them up.

stòrime make 1pl pres P сторя

go acc n 3sg clt то

na into на

at from от

ə hes .

dvà two m два

bel’ùka pile ct m бюлюк

sv’ɔ̀ž’eme tie 1pl pres P свежа

go acc n 3sg clt то

143 (a) [4:45]      We tie them up and make sheaves out of them.

i and и

zav’ɔ̀ž’eme tie 1pl pres P завежа

snòpɤ sheaf acc sg m сноп

go acc n 3sg clt то

stòrime make 1pl pres P сторя

144 (a) [4:47]      We call that a “sheaf”.

zav’ème call 1pl pres I зова

go acc n 3sg clt то

snòpɤ sheaf acc sg m сноп

145 (GK)       Right. And how do you arrange yourselves in the field?

tɤ̀j thus adv тъй

tə and та

i and и

kàk how interr как

se acc refl clt се

narèždate arrange 2pl pres I нареждам

vɤv in в

nìvata field sg f def нива

146 (GK)       How do you call the one that reaps at the head of the line?

pɤ̀rvija first sg m def adj първи

dèto rel дето

žɔ̀ne reap 3sg pres I жъна

kàk how interr как

se acc refl clt се

zvè call 3sg pres I зова

147 (a) [4:35]      Well, [we reap] with a sickle.

è disc е

as with с

kalmùje sickle pl m калмуй

148 (GK)       The first one.

pɤ̀rvijɤ first sg m def adj първи

149 (a)       Yes?

jà yes я

150 (GK)       That one.

tɤ̀zi this sg f adj този

151 (a) [4:56]      With - with a sickle.

as with с

as with с

kalmùje sickle pl m калмуй

152 (GK)       And the last one?

à disc а

paslèdnijɤ last sg m def adj последен

153 (a) [4:58]      Well, also with a sickle! We’re [talking about] reaping in the field, right?

pàk again adv пак

kalmùje sickle pl m калмуй

dalì interr дали

sa acc refl clt се

ž’ɔ̀ne reap 3sg pres I жъна

nìvata field sg f def med нива

154 (GK)       Hah.

à bkch а

155 (a) [5:01]      We gather it up [using] only a sickle.

kalmùje sickle pl m калмуй

le only adv ле

zbìrame gather 1pl pres I сбирам

go acc n 3sg clt то

156 (GK)       But the first one who [goes to] reap?

a disc а

pɔ̀rven first sg m def dist adj първи

ažìt which sg m rel ажит

žɔ̀ne reap 3sg pres I жъна

157 (a) [5:08]      And then –

ta disc та

č’e disc че

158 (GK)       That person, how do you call him?

čulèkan person sg m def dist човек

òn nom m 3sg он

kàk how interr как

se acc refl clt се

zvè call 3sg pres I зова

159 (a) [5:10]      You can’t do it with a scythe. Only with a –

tò disc то

s with с

tò disc то

s with с

tirpàna scythe acc sg m търпан

tò disc то

ne neg не

bᵊìva happen 3sg pres I бивам

tò disc то

s with с

klà [ … ] .

160 (a) [5:12]      The scythe [is for when] we mow in the meadows.

s with с

tirpàna scythe acc sg m търпан

kasìme mow 1pl pres I кося

č’aìreto meadow pl m def med чаир

161 (b) [5:13]      Come stand over here, because –

jàla come sg imv P ела

stanì stand sg imv P стана

tùka here adv тук

če because че

162 (a) [5:14]      What?

à disc а

163 (b) [5:16]      Five or six women arrange themselves in a row: first, second, third, fourth, fifth.

narèždat arrange 3pl pres I нареждам

se acc refl clt се

pèt five пет

šèz six шест

žòni woman pl f жена

pɤ̀rvi first sg m adj първи

ftòri second sg m adj втори

trèti third sg m adj трети

četvɤrti fourth sg m adj четвърти

pèti fifth sg m adj пети

164 (a) [5:19]      There isn’t anything like that. We don’t have [such] things

č’e disc че

tò disc то

n’èma pres neg exist няма

takvᵊì such pl med adj такъв

n’èmame not.have 1pl pres I нямам

ràbati thing pl f работа

165 (GK)       You don’t – you don’t say [such things].

ne neg не

ne neg не

kàzvate say 2pl pres I казвам

166 (a) [5:21]      We don’t have such things.

takvᵊì such pl med adj такъв

ràbatᵊi thing pl f работа

n’èmame not.have 1pl pres I нямам

167 (GK)       Ah.

à bkch а

168 (GM)       They don’t have fields.

tè nom 3pl те

tarlì field pl f търла

nèmat not.have 3pl I нямам

169 (a) [5:23]      We don’t have [those].

e disc е

n’èmame not.have 1pl pres I нямам

170 (GK)       Uh huh. And when you finish reaping, do you leave the sheaves there?

əmhm disc .

i and и

pòsle later adv после

kato as conj като

go acc n 3sg clt то

ožɔ̀neš reap 2sg pres P ожъна

snòpete sheaf pl m def med сноп

tàm there adv там

gi acc 3pl clt те

ostàv’ate leave 2pl pres I оставям

171 (a) [5:29]      We put them in cruciform – in cruciform. And when it all settles down

sklad’ème pile 1pl pres P склада

ga acc n 3sg clt то

tukurdž’ùm cruciform sg m тукурджум

na in на

tukurdž’ùmi cruciform pl m тукурджум

go acc n 3sg clt то

sklad’ème pile 1pl pres P склада

kogàta when rel когато

se acc refl clt се

spànne settle 3sg pres P спадна

172 (a) [5:34]      then we carry them to the threshing floor.

nòs’me carry 1pl pres I нося

gᵚɨ acc 3pl clt те

na in на

harmàna threshing.area m def харман

173 (GK)       Right. And how do you prepare the threshing floor?

tɤ̀j thus adv тъй

kàk how interr как

se acc refl clt се

pràvi make 3sg pres I правя

xarmàn threshing.floor sg m харман

174 (a) [5:37]      For threshing we tie up two mules, and hippety hoppity, they cut up the straw.

da comp да

ga acc n 3sg clt то

varš’ɔ̀me thresh 1pl pres I вършея

zav’ɔ̀ž’eme tie 1pl pres P завежа

dv’è two n два

mùl’eta mule pl n муле

tràptiti hippety траптити

trùptiti hoppity труптити

a and а

ta and та

drebn’ɔ̀t cut 3pl pres I дребня

slàmɤtɤ straw sg def med слама

175 (GK)       Using what?

sɤs with с

kakvò what sg n какво

176 (a) [5:43]      And the grain falls [out]

pàdne fall 3sg pres P падна

ž’ìtata grain sg n def med жито

177 (GK)       What do they use to cut up the straw?

sɤs with с

kakvò what sg n interr какво

drebn’ɤ̀t cut 3pl pres I дребня

slàmata straw sg f def слама

178 (a) [5:46]      Their feet!

as with с

nagᵊìte foot f def med нога

179 (GK)       Ah.

à bkch а

180 (a) [5:47]      There were also these other things: [they used] oxen and threshing boards.

tò disc то

i and и

tò disc то

im’ɛ̀ impf exist има

i and и

drùgi other pl adj друг

ràbatᵊɨ thing pl f работа

as with с

vòlav ox pl m вол

i and и

z with с

d’uv’ène threshing.board pl m дювен

181 (GK)       Aha.

ahà bkch аха

182 (a) [5:52]      They’d chop it fine [with] threshing boards, whoever had threshing boards.

drabɛ̀han cut 3pl impf I дробя

go acc n 3sg clt то

d’uv’ène threshing.board pl m дювен

až’ìt sg m rel adj ажит

ìma have 3sg pres I имам

d’uv’ène threshing.board pl m дювен

183 (GK)       And how did one prepare the threshing floor?

a disc а

armàn threshing.floor sg m харман

kàk how interr как

se acc refl clt се

pràveše make 3sg impf I правя

184 (a) [5:57]      [Yes,] the threshing floor.

armàn threshing.floor sg m харман

185 (GK)       How is it prepared?

kàk how interr как

se acc refl clt се

pràvi make 3sg pres I правя

186 (a) [5:58]      Well, you cut it up, if it’s rye; you cut up the rye, and they sweep off the area,

č’e disc че

etèj thus med adv етъй

nakal’v’èš cut 2sg pres P накълва

ka if conj ако

e 3sg pres cop clt съм

rɔ̀š' rye sg m ръж

nakal’v’èš cut 2sg pres P накълва

e acc f 3sg clt тя

rašnɔ̀n rye sg f def dist ръж

i and и

armànat threshing.floor sg def med харман

zam’ètet sweep sg m P.part P замета

187 (a) [6:05]      the grain falls on the earth. You sweep up the straw with a besom,

i and и

ž’ìtətə grain sg n def med жито

pàdne fall 3sg pres P падна

əv in в

zem’ɔ̀na earth sg f def dist земя

slàmata straw sg f def med слама

gu acc n 3sg clt то

padber’èš sweep 2sg pres P подбера

as with с

savurgɔ̀ besom sg f сюпюргя

188 (a) [6:11]      and then the grain with a broom. We winnow it, and carry it inside.

azàm after adv азам

ž’ìtətə grain sg n def med жито

pàk again adv пак

s with с

as with с

m’ètla broom sg f метла

at hes .

adv’èeme winnow 1pl pres P отвея

go acc n 3sg clt то

fnes’ème carry.in 1pl pres P внеса

go acc n 3sg clt то

189 (GK)       What is there underneath, on the threshing floor?

armàna threshing.floor sg m def харман

otdòlu below adv отдолу

kakvò what sg n interr какво

ìma have 3sg pres I имам

190 (a) [6:18]      Earth!

zem’ɛ̀ earth sg f земя

191 (GK)       Only [that]?

sàmo only adv само

192 (a) [6:19]      Tiles [too].

t’ìklᵚɨ tile pl f тикла

t’ìklᵚɨ tile pl f тикла

193 (GK)       Arranged in order?

naredèno arrange sg n P.part P наредя

194 (a) [6:23]      Arranged like this.

sakvò such sg n prox adj сакъв

nared’èno arrange sg n P.part P наредя

195 (GK)       And here?

a and а

tùka here adv тук

196 (a) [6:25]      Like some sort of field?

č’e disc че

nìva field sg f нива

n’ɛ̀kva some sg f adj някакъв

197 (GK)       Do they plaster it?

màže plaster 3sg pres I мажа

se acc refl clt се

198 (a) [6:28]      Well, the ground gets all broken up and tramped down!

ma disc ама

tò disc то

tò disc то

se acc refl clt се

akrɔ̀t’eva break.up 3sg pres I окъртвам

tò disc то

se acc refl clt се

akrɔ̀t’eva break.up 3sg pres I окъртвам

199 (a) [6:32]      And we sweep it with brooms. We sweep it only with brooms.

elè only adv ле

met’ème sweep 1pl pres I мета

ga acc m 3sg clt той

s with с

m’ètlᵚɨ broom pl f метла

s with с

m’ètla broom sg f метла

go acc m 3sg clt той

l’è only adv ле

met’è̟m sweep 1pl pres I мета

200 (a) [6:35]      Some people even sweep it [that way] now.

tò disc то

i disc и

seà now adv сега

nèkvi some pl adj някакъв

zamìtame sweep 1pl pres I замитам

201 (GK)       Aha.

ahà bkch аха

202 (a) [6:38]      We sweep the edges as well.

kràjeto edge pl m def med край

t’èz this pl med adj този

i and и

tò this sg n adj този

zamìtame sweep 1pl pres I замитам

203 (GK)       And after that, what do you do with the grain?

i and и

pòsle later adv после

žìtoto grain sg n def жито

kakvò what sg n interr какво

go acc n 3sg clt то

pràvite make 2pl pres I правя

204 (a) [6:42]      Well, we have a mill!

mi disc ами

si dat refl clt си

ìmame have 1pl pres I имам

vadenìco mill acc sg f воденица

205 (GK)       Right.

tɤ̀j thus adv тъй

206 (a) [6:44]      We would grind it [and then] eat it.

m’èl’ehme grind 1pl impf I меля

ga acc n 3sg clt то

jɛ̀dahme eat 1pl impf I ям

ga acc n 3sg clt то

207 (GK)       Did you take it home?

dòma to.home adv дома

nòsexte carry 2pl impf I нося

li interr ли

go acc n 3sg clt то

208 (a) [6:47]      What?

ɤ̀ disc а

209 (GK)       To – to the house.

u hes .

ukɤ̀šti at.home adv вкъщи

210 (a) [6:50]      Well, yes!

jà yes я

211 (GK)       Where did you take it in the house? In what?

kɤdè where interr къде

go acc n 3sg clt то

nòsexte carry 2pl impf I нося

fkɤ̀šti at.home adv вкъщи

f in в

kakò what sg n interr какво

212 (a) [6:52]      In sacks, in sacks. We carried it in two, three, five sacks.

f in в

sakùl’:e sack pl m сакул

f in в

nòsime carry 1pl pres I нося

go acc n 3sg clt то

dvà two m два

trì three три

p’èt five пет

sakùl’a sack ct m сакул

213 (a) [6:56]      And we – we spread it out inside.

nas […] .

na [...] .

nastel’ìme spread 1pl pres P настеля

go acc n 3sg clt то

navɔ̀tre inside adv навътре

214 (GK)       Uh huh.

əmhəm bkch

215 (a) [6:59]      And then to the mill. We grind it [so as] to eat [it].

azàm after adv азам

na on на

vadenìcata mill sg f def med воденица

go acc n 3sg clt то

m’èl’eme grind 1pl pres I меля

da comp да

id’ème eat 1pl pres I ям

216 (a) [7:01]      What [else] could we do? There wasn’t such plenty that’s winnowed and sifted.

kanà what indcl interr кина

da comp да

pràim do 1pl pres I правя

tò disc то

ne neg не

imè impf exist има

sakvòne such sg n prox adj сакъв

sakvɔ̀n such sg n prox adj сакъв

ballɔ̀kᵊi abundance pl m боллук

atvɛ̀ana winnow sg n P.part P отвея

atsɛ̀ana sift sg n P.part P отсея

217 (a) [7:06]      Now you can get whatever kind of flour you want. You didn’t have that before.

kvòto what sg n rel adj каквото

ìš’eš want 2sg pres I ища

takvòn such sg n med adj такъв

ìma pres exist има

bràšno flour sg n брашно

segà now adv сега

napr’èš before adv напред

ne neg не

im’è impf exist има

218 (a) [7:09]      [Back then, things] were [in] short [supply].

tò disc то

b’e 3sg impf cop clt съм

krɔ̀pko short sg n adj кроп

219 (a) [7:13]      May this [guy] Todor Zhivkov go on living a long time yet!

tòo this sg m med adj този

tòdor Todor sg m name Тодор

žìvkof Zhivkov sg m name Живков

da hort да

žìvɨ live 3sg pres I живея

ìš’e still adv още

mlògo much adv много

220 (GK)       Long live.

da hort да

živèe live 3sg pres I живея

221 (a) [7:16]      He put [things] in order. He put the [whole] world in order.

opràvi fix sg 3sg aor P оправя

opràvi fix sg 3sg aor P оправя

svetàte world sg m def med свят