Malevo/Asg 1

MalevoAsgr1.new_.mp3

1 (VZh) [How do you sow lentils?]

[...]

2 (a) [0:02] [For] sowing: we sow – You sow. [First] you plow up the field, [then] sow it [all].

hes

for

sow vbl.n I

acc refl clt

sow 1sg pres I

plow 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

sow 3sg pres P

acc refl clt

field sg f def med

sow 3sg pres P

acc refl clt

3 (a) [0:08] And then you harrow it, and when it’s ready to harvest,

and

then adv

again adv

acc refl clt

harrow 3sg pres I

and

when conj

become 3sg pres P

for

pluck vbl.n I

4 (a) [ 0:13] We harvest it like usual. We cut the taller [growth] with a scythe

rel dist

all adv

pluck 1pl pres I

which sg f rel med adj

3sg pres cop clt

high sg f adj

and

with

scythe sg f

acc f 3sg clt

mow 3pl pres I

5 (a) [0:18] and the lower [growth] by hand. We harvest it [all], and put it

kujàtu

which sg f rel med adj

3sg pres cop clt

low sg f adj

with

hand pl f

pluck sg imv I

pluck sg imv I

pluck sg imv I

make 1pl pres I

acc f 3sg clt

6 (a) [0:22] into little piles. Later we put them into bigger stacks and then

small.pile pl f

later adv

put 1pl pres P

big pl adj

stack pl f

and

then adv

7 (a) [0:28] we thresh it again with horses,

again adv

acc f 3sg clt

thresh 1pl pres I

with

horse pl m

8 (a) [0:30] with a mule, or a donkey, or whatever is available.

with

mule sg n

donkey sg n

what sg n rel med

pres exist

9 (VZh) [Or with cattle?]

[...]

10 (a) [0:34] Ah, no. We didn’t – we didn’t do threshing with cattle.

disc

now adv

with

cattle pl n

neg

1pl pres aux clt

neg

1pl pres aux clt

thresh pl L.part I

11 (a) [0:37] We did our threshing with a donkeys [or] with a mule,

nom 1pl

1pl pres aux clt

thresh pl L.part I

with

donkey sg n

with

mule sg n

12 (a) [0:39] [or] with a horse. Not with cattle, no.

horse sg m

with

cattle pl n

13 (VZh) [What was it you didn’t thresh with?]

[...]

14 (a) [0:41] [We did] not [thresh] with cattle!

not

with

cattle pl n

15 (VZh) [What did you do with the lentils?]

[...]

16 (a) [0:45] After we winnowed them, we’d cook them. First we shake them through the sieve,

when conj

acc f 3sg clt

winnow 1pl pres P

boil 1pl pres I

dat refl clt

acc f 3sg clt

sift 1pl pres I

acc f 3sg clt

with

sieve sg n

17 (a) [0:50] then we put them in water, in the pot, to boil [the first time]

later adv

dat refl clt

dat f 3sg clt

put 1pl pres P

water sg f

pan sg f def med

comp

dat 1pl clt

boil 3sg pres P

18 (a) [0:53] and then we rinse the lentils and put them to boil [the second time].

and

then adv

rinse 1pl pres P

with

lentils sg f def med

and

put 1pl pres I

acc f 3sg clt

comp

acc refl clt

boil 3sg pres I

19 (a) [0:58] We chop up onions and add them, also oil; and it boils and boils.

chop 1pl pres P

and

onion sg m

onion sg m

put 1pl pres P

and

oil sg n

and

acc refl clt

boil 3sg pres I

boil 3sg pres I

20 (a) [1:04] And then we thicken it with a little flour

and

after adv

acc f 3sg clt

knead 1pl pres P

again adv

with

little adv

flour sg n

21 (a) [1:08] and after that add salt [laughter] and then eat it! With chunks of – [laughter]

and

then adv

salt 1pl pres P

acc f 3sg clt

and

eat 1pl pres I

chop P.part P

22 (VZh) [How do you call “thickened milk” (yogurt)?]

[...]

23 (a) [1:11] “Thick” milk.

thick sg n adj

milk sg n

24 (VZh) What?

kàk

how interr

как

25 (a) [1:13] “Thick” milk.

thick sg n adj

milk sg n

26 (VZh) [How do you make it?]

[...]

27 (a) [1:14] Well, like this. We boil up fresh milk,

disc

make 3sg pres I

acc refl clt

thus med adv

boil 1pl pres I

dat refl clt

milk sg n def med

fresh sg n adj

28 (a) [1:18] set it aside to cool a bit, and then add starter

leave 1pl pres P

acc n 3sg clt

little adv

comp

cool 3sg pres P

and

after adv

acc n 3sg clt

ferment 1pl pres P

29 (a) [1:22] – a bit of yogurt. Then we put it in a – We beat it

with

little adv

sour sg n adj

milk sg n

dat n 3sg clt

put 1pl pres P

hes

beat 1pl pres P

acc n 3sg clt

30 (a) [1:28] and then wrap up the pot in which we will cause it to ferment.

and

acc n 3sg clt

wrap 1pl pres P

vessel sg m def med

which sg n rel med adj

acc n 3sg clt

ferment 1pl pres I

31 (a) [1:32] And then it becomes “thick”.

and

then adv

dat refl clt

become 3sg pres I

thick sg n adj

32 (VZh) [What?]

[...]

33 (a) [1:34] “Thick!” [laughter]

čʌ̀stu

thick sg n adj

чест

34 (VZh) [Did you used to go out to do the harvesting?]

[...]

35 (a) [1:36 ] Well, we did go out to do harvesting, but now we’ve lost the habit of it [laughter]

disc

harvest sg f

go 1pl pres I

nom 1pl

now adv

acc refl clt

unlearn 1pl aor P

from

harvest sg f

36 (VZh) [But in the old days did you go out?]

[...]

37 (a) [1:40] Oh [yes], we went in the old days, and carried children [with us], in cradles [laughter]

excl

one sg n adj

time sg n

go 1pl impf I

and

child pl n

carry 1pl impf I

[...]

cradle sg f

38 (a) [1:45] on our backs. And we would go, and do the reaping, and gather the sheaves.

back sg m

and

go 1pl impf I

and

reap 1pl impf I

gather 1pl impf I

sheaf pl m def med

39 (a) [1:50] What [else] could we do? We also had to take care of the kids. We did everything.

what sg n interr

comp

do 1pl pres I

and

child pl n

look 1pl pres I

and

everything sg n

1pl pres aux clt

do pl L.part I

40 (VZh) [And when was that?]

[...]

41 (a) [1:54] During the harvest.

harvest sg f

42 (VZh) [Where did you go on Easter (Sunday)?]

[...]

43 (a) [1:56] You go to church on Easter [Sunday].

Easter sg m

acc refl clt

go 3sg pres I

church sg f

44 (VZh) Right –

tekà

thus adv

така

45 (a) [ 1:59] They go around – when they go [there] they go around the church –

circle 3pl pres I

hes

when conj

go 3pl pres P

and

circle 3pl pres I

church sg f def med

there adv

around

hes

46 (a) [2:05] they just go around the church. Then they crack eggs there:

church sg f def med

only adv

circle 3pl pres I

there adv

knock 3pl pres I

egg pl n

47 (a) [2:10] [everyone] who’s gone to the church gets together and they crack

and

acc refl clt

gather 3pl pres I

who pl rel med adj

3pl pres aux clt

go pl L.part P

church sg f

knock 3pl pres I

acc refl clt

48 (a) [2:15] eggs there, peel them, and eat them! [laughter] What can I –

there adv

with

egg pl n def med

peel 3pl pres I

acc 3pl clt

eat 3pl pres I

acc 3pl clt

what sg n interr

comp

dat 2sg clt

49 (VZh) [Did you keep on fasting on that day also?]

[...]

50 (a) [2:18] Well, you fast up till then, but on Easter you eat already –

disc

to.then adv

acc refl clt

fast 3sg pres I

but

then adv

Easter sg m

dat refl clt

eat 3pl pres I

already adv

51 (a) [2:23] meat, and eggs, and milk –

and

meat sg n

and

egg pl n

and

milk sg n

now adv

52 (VZh) [And] banitsa –

bànici

banitsa pl f

баница

53 (a) [2:26] [Yes,] we make banitsa too. They eat everything [at that point].

and

banitsa pl f

make 1pl pres I

eat 3pl pres I

everything sg n adj

54 (VZh) [Did you eat at tables like these (you have now)?]

[...]

55 (a) [2:29] No, we had “paraliya” tables. They were different, round and lower down.

disc

disc

low.table pl f

impf exist

other pl adj

low pl adj

spherical pl adj

56 (a) [2:34] We sat at those when we were smaller,

and

there adv

dat refl clt

[…]

sit 1pl impf P

little pl adj

57 (a) [2:36] but when we grew up and married, we ate at [normal] tables.

nom 1pl

when conj

become 1pl aor P

already adv

marry pl P.part I

table pl f

eat 1pl pres I

58 (a) [2:41] But earlier on we ate at the “paraliya” tables. At my father’s house

and

but

early adv

low.table pl f

eat 1pl impf I

and

father sg m

dat 1sg clt

59 (a) [2:46] there were a lot of us. They had seven children there,

1pl impf cop

many adv

people pl

there adv

there adv

have 3pl impf I

nom 3pl

seven

child pl n

60 (a) [2:52] and all of us sat at the “paraliya” tables,

all pl def med adj

when conj

sit 1pl pres P

low.table sg f def med

паралия

61 (a) [2:55] some on small chairs, some hunkered down on their knees,

small.chair pl n

who sg m inter.rel

small.chair sg n

who sg m inter.rel

acc refl clt

bend sg m L.part P

knee sg n

62 (a) [2:58] and that’s where we ate.

and

there adv

dat refl clt

eat 1pl impf I

63 (VZh) At the “paraliya” tables.

на

paral’ɤ̀ta

low.table sg f def

паралия

64 (a) [3:01] At the “paraliya” tables. And we ate out of the same bowl, we call it “gyuvech”.

nə

на

pərəl’ʌ̀tə

low.table sg f def med

and

one sg f adj

bowl sg f

1pl pres aux clt

eat pl L.part I

call 1pl pres I

acc n 3sg clt

stew sg m

65 (a) [3:06] We fill the “gyuvech” with gruel, [laughter] with lentils, with beans. We dip bread in it,

fill 1pl pres P

stew sg m def dist

with

gruel sg f

with

lentils sg f

with

beans sg m

crumble 1pl pres P

acc m 3sg clt

66 (a) [3:11] and eat it. What [else] could we do? [laughter]

and

eat 1pl pres I

what sg n interr

comp

do 1pl pres I

67 (b) [3:13] [laughter]

[...]

68 (VZh) [How did you thresh rye?]

[...]

69 (a) [3:14] [We needed] more time for threshing. When we thresh we drive the horses around,

[...]

time sg n

thresh 1pl impf I

mostly adv

time sg n

acc refl clt

thresh 3sg pres I

drive 1pl pres I

horse pl m def dist

70 (a) [3:20] drive them, lift [up all the sheaves]. Some people would cut the sheaves –

drive 1pl pres I

lift 1pl pres I

some pl adj

pres exist

and

cut 3pl pres I

sheaf pl m def med

71 (b) [3:24] With an ax.

with

bràdva

ax sg f

брадва

72 (a) [3:26] – with an ax and a chopping block, to make them shorter,

with

ax sg f

bottom sg n

wood sg n

and

comp

acc refl clt

short pl adj

73 (a) [3:30] and easier to thresh. Otherwise, we would, while threshing

easy sg n adj

comp

acc refl clt

thresh 3sg pres I

and

but

otherwise adv

how rel

dat refl clt

thresh 1pl pres I

74 (a) [3:33] other things, also thresh the rye.

other pl def med adj

thing pl f

thus med adv

and

rye sg m def med

thresh 1pl pres I

75 (VZh) [And how did you tie up the sheaves?]

[...]

76 (a) [3:35] With cords [made] from …

hes

vəž’ʌ̀nə

rope pl n def dist

въже

from

от

77 (b) [3:36] from [stalks of] the sheaf [itself]

from

от

snòpa

sheaf sg m def

сноп

78 (a) [3:38] … the sheaves. We make them from a sheaf from the harvest, and put them

sheaf pl m def dist

dat refl clt

from

sheaf sg m def dist

from

harvest sg f def dist

acc 3pl clt

make 1pl pres P

and

put 1pl pres P

acc m 3sg clt

79 (a) [3:42] on the ground. We reap by handfuls and put them [in a bunch with] the cord

earth sg f def med

reap 1pl pres I

from

hes

handful pl f def med

and

put 1pl pres I

rope sg n def dist

80 (a) [3:46] and when [the bunch] gets bigger we tie [it off] and start another one,

become 3sg pres P

interr clt

big sg n adj

tie 1pl pres P

again adv

other sg m adj

dat refl clt

make 1pl pres P

81 (a) [3:50] and so on until we have reaped [the whole] field.

and

thus med adv

until conj

comp

dat refl clt

reap 1pl pres P

field sg f def med

82 (VZh) [And what did you do with the sheaves?]

[...]

83 (a) [3:53] Well, we make them so that they don’t get wet,

disc

make 1pl pres P

acc 3pl clt

again adv

comp

neg

acc refl clt

moisten 3pl pres I

84 (a) [3:57] we make them in cruciform, like this. See, one sheaf here,

cruciform pl m

acc 3pl clt

make 1pl pres I

ost

thus med adv

here adv

one sg m adj

sheaf sg m

85 (a) [4:00] another there, [yet] another here, and here up above another.

there adv

other sg m adj

here adv

and

here adv

above adv

other sg m adj

86 (a) [4:04] We pile them like that [in bunches] of sixteen sheaves each.

thus med adv

acc 3pl clt

make 1pl pres P

sixteen

sheaf ct m

87 (VZh) [And where do you put them?]

[...]

88 (a) [4:07] On the ground! On the ground, that’s where the grain is

earth sg f def med

earth sg f def med

but

again adv

thus med adv

this sg n med adj

grain sg n def med

89 (a) [4:12] one on top of the other so that – so that the grain doesn’t get wet! [laughter]

one sg n adj

atop

other sg n adj

comp

acc refl clt

comp

neg

acc refl clt

moisten 3sg pres I

grain sg n def med

90 (VZh) So tell me, tell me what –

hort

say sg imv P

say sg imv P

which sg n interr adj

кой

91 (a) [4:19] If the grain gets wet, then the [dough made from it] will get more – more soggy.

grain sg n def med

when conj

acc refl clt

moisten 3sg pres P

and

become 3sg pres I

later adv

[...]

sodden sg n adj

92 (a) [4:24] When it – you know, when we take and grind the wheat [to make] flour

when inter.rel

acc n 3sg clt

interr

now adv

flour sg n

when conj

take 1pl pres P

and

acc 3pl clt

grind 1pl pres P

grain sg n def dist

93 (a) [4:29] the flour [from it] comes out worse. You can’t grind –

and

that sg n dist adj

flour sg n

become 3sg pres P

bad sg n adj

neg

can pres imprs

comp

acc refl clt

grind 3sg pres I

94 (a) [4:33] that is, knead it properly, such as [to make it] become good bread.

comp

acc refl clt

knead 3sg pres I

nicely adv

comp

become 3sg pres P

nice sg m adj

bread sg m

95 (a) [4:37] Instead you get unbaked dough – a finger-length of unbaked dough [laughter]

disc

become 3sg pres I

unbaked.dough sg m

one sg m adj

finger sg m

unbaked.dough sg m

become 3sg pres I

96 (a) [4:41] That’s what we used to call it in the old days.

one sg n adj

time sg n

thus med adv

acc 3sg clt

say 1pl impf I

97 (VZh) [How do you spin, and how do you shear sheep?]

[...]

98 (a) [4:42] Spinning – it’s easy to spin.

spin vbl.n I

acc refl clt

spin 3sg pres I

easy adv

99 (VZh) With a distaff.

на

xùrkata

distaff sg f def

хурка

100 (a) [4:44] With a distaff. As for shearing, they hobble the sheep

nə

на

fùrkənə

distaff sg f def dist

and

but

for

shear vbl.n I

hobble 3pl pres I

sheep pl f def med

101 (a) [4:49] and then we begin to shear [them].

and

then adv

begin 1pl pres I

comp

shear 1pl pres I

102 (VZh) [Why do you hobble them?]

[...]

103 (a) [4:52] So they don’t jerk about, otherwise you’ll cut them.

comp

neg

stir 3pl pres I

because

otherwise adv

fut

acc 3pl clt

slice 1pl pres P

104 (a) [4:55] Once the sheep is lying down then you go at it with the shears

how rel

dat refl clt

3sg pres aux clt

lie.down sg f L.part P

sheep sg f def med

drive sg imv I

drive sg imv I

drive sg imv I

with

scissors pl.t def dist

ножица

105 (a) [4:59] and you shear it.

and

acc refl clt

shear 3sg pres P

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Map

Participants

VZh

a

b

Malevo/Asg 1

1 (VZh) [How do you sow lentils?]

2 (a) [0:02] [For] sowing: we sow – You sow. [First] you plow up the field, [then] sow it [all].

3 (a) [0:08] And then you harrow it, and when it’s ready to harvest,

4 (a) [ 0:13] We harvest it like usual. We cut the taller [growth] with a scythe

5 (a) [0:18] and the lower [growth] by hand. We harvest it [all], and put it

6 (a) [0:22] into little piles. Later we put them into bigger stacks and then

7 (a) [0:28] we thresh it again with horses,

8 (a) [0:30] with a mule, or a donkey, or whatever is available.

9 (VZh) [Or with cattle?]

10 (a) [0:34] Ah, no. We didn’t – we didn’t do threshing with cattle.

11 (a) [0:37] We did our threshing with a donkeys [or] with a mule,

12 (a) [0:39] [or] with a horse. Not with cattle, no.

13 (VZh) [What was it you didn’t thresh with?]

14 (a) [0:41] [We did] not [thresh] with cattle!

15 (VZh) [What did you do with the lentils?]

16 (a) [0:45] After we winnowed them, we’d cook them. First we shake them through the sieve,

17 (a) [0:50] then we put them in water, in the pot, to boil [the first time]

18 (a) [0:53] and then we rinse the lentils and put them to boil [the second time].

19 (a) [0:58] We chop up onions and add them, also oil; and it boils and boils.

20 (a) [1:04] And then we thicken it with a little flour

21 (a) [1:08] and after that add salt [laughter] and then eat it! With chunks of – [laughter]

22 (VZh) [How do you call “thickened milk” (yogurt)?]

23 (a) [1:11] “Thick” milk.

24 (VZh) What?

25 (a) [1:13] “Thick” milk.

26 (VZh) [How do you make it?]

27 (a) [1:14] Well, like this. We boil up fresh milk,

28 (a) [1:18] set it aside to cool a bit, and then add starter

29 (a) [1:22] – a bit of yogurt. Then we put it in a – We beat it

30 (a) [1:28] and then wrap up the pot in which we will cause it to ferment.

31 (a) [1:32] And then it becomes “thick”.

32 (VZh) [What?]

33 (a) [1:34] “Thick!” [laughter]

34 (VZh) [Did you used to go out to do the harvesting?]

35 (a) [1:36 ] Well, we did go out to do harvesting, but now we’ve lost the habit of it [laughter]

36 (VZh) [But in the old days did you go out?]

37 (a) [1:40] Oh [yes], we went in the old days, and carried children [with us], in cradles [laughter]

38 (a) [1:45] on our backs. And we would go, and do the reaping, and gather the sheaves.

39 (a) [1:50] What [else] could we do? We also had to take care of the kids. We did everything.

40 (VZh) [And when was that?]

41 (a) [1:54] During the harvest.

42 (VZh) [Where did you go on Easter (Sunday)?]

43 (a) [1:56] You go to church on Easter [Sunday].

44 (VZh) Right –

45 (a) [ 1:59] They go around – when they go [there] they go around the church –

46 (a) [2:05] they just go around the church. Then they crack eggs there:

47 (a) [2:10] [everyone] who’s gone to the church gets together and they crack

48 (a) [2:15] eggs there, peel them, and eat them! [laughter] What can I –

49 (VZh) [Did you keep on fasting on that day also?]

50 (a) [2:18] Well, you fast up till then, but on Easter you eat already –

51 (a) [2:23] meat, and eggs, and milk –

52 (VZh) [And] banitsa –

53 (a) [2:26] [Yes,] we make banitsa too. They eat everything [at that point].

54 (VZh) [Did you eat at tables like these (you have now)?]

55 (a) [2:29] No, we had “paraliya” tables. They were different, round and lower down.

56 (a) [2:34] We sat at those when we were smaller,

57 (a) [2:36] but when we grew up and married, we ate at [normal] tables.

58 (a) [2:41] But earlier on we ate at the “paraliya” tables. At my father’s house

59 (a) [2:46] there were a lot of us. They had seven children there,

60 (a) [2:52] and all of us sat at the “paraliya” tables,

61 (a) [2:55] some on small chairs, some hunkered down on their knees,

62 (a) [2:58] and that’s where we ate.

63 (VZh) At the “paraliya” tables.

64 (a) [3:01] At the “paraliya” tables. And we ate out of the same bowl, we call it “gyuvech”.

65 (a) [3:06] We fill the “gyuvech” with gruel, [laughter] with lentils, with beans. We dip bread in it,

66 (a) [3:11] and eat it. What [else] could we do? [laughter]

67 (b) [3:13] [laughter]

68 (VZh) [How did you thresh rye?]

69 (a) [3:14] [We needed] more time for threshing. When we thresh we drive the horses around,

70 (a) [3:20] drive them, lift [up all the sheaves]. Some people would cut the sheaves –

71 (b) [3:24] With an ax.

72 (a) [3:26] – with an ax and a chopping block, to make them shorter,